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Linux每日一学|第1天:mv 命令详解

  • 2026-06-28 20:01:08
Linux每日一学|第1天:mv 命令详解

一、命令简介

mv 是 Linux 高频基础命令，核心两大作用：

移动文件/目录

重命名文件/目录

仅修改文件路径与名称，不复制占用新空间。

二、语法格式

mv [参数] 源文件/目录  目标位置/名称

三、常用参数（表格版）

参数
作用说明
-b
覆盖文件前自动备份旧文件
-f
强制覆盖，不弹窗询问
-i
覆盖前交互式提示确认
-n
不覆盖已存在的文件
-u
仅源文件更新时间更新时，才覆盖移动
-v
显示执行详细过程

四、实战常用示例

# 文件重命名mv old.txt new.txt
# 移动文件到指定目录mv test.txt /home/
# 整个目录移动mv dir1 /opt/
# 强制覆盖不提示mv -f demo.txt /home/
# 覆盖前交互式询问mv -i demo.txt /home/
# 显示详细移动过程mv -v file1 /opt/
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000617s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000835s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000322s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000790s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000533s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000216s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000581s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 490686 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000404s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1783067742 WHERE `id` = 490686 [ RunTime:0.013935s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000246s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 490686 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 490686 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000543s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 490686 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001210s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 490686 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.022158s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 490686 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.026932s ]
0.151443s