Python实现一个外观精美的猜单词(Hangman)游戏
- 2026-02-07 23:33:51
Python实现一个外观精美的猜单词(Hangman)游戏
Python实现一个外观精美的猜单词（Hangman）游戏，并且需要包含字符串操作、集合判重和进度追踪这些核心功能。打造一个界面美观、功能完整的版本，满足你的所有要求。
实现思路
界面设计：采用现代化的配色和布局，包含游戏标题、绞刑架绘图区、单词显示区、字母键盘区、信息提示区和游戏控制区。 核心功能： 字符串操作：处理单词的显示（隐藏未猜字母）、字母匹配判断 集合判重：用集合存储已猜字母，自动过滤重复输入 进度追踪：追踪剩余生命值、已猜字母、游戏进度和得分 游戏逻辑：随机选择单词、判断字母是否正确、更新游戏状态、判定输赢。
完整代码实现
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import random
import string
classHangmanGame:
def__init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("精美版猜单词游戏 (Hangman)")
self.root.geometry("800x650")
self.root.resizable(False, False)
self.root.configure(bg="#f0f4f8")
# 游戏配置
self.word_list = [
"python", "hangman", "programming", "computer", "keyboard",
"developer", "algorithm", "database", "interface", "internet",
"variable", "function", "library", "framework", "software"
]
self.max_attempts = 6# 最大错误次数
self.reset_game()
# 创建UI
self.create_widgets()
defreset_game(self):
"""重置游戏状态"""
self.secret_word = random.choice(self.word_list).lower()
self.guessed_letters = set() # 用集合存储已猜字母（自动去重）
self.wrong_attempts = 0
self.game_over = False
self.score = 0
defcreate_widgets(self):
"""创建所有UI组件"""
# 标题
title_label = tk.Label(
self.root,
text="🎮 猜单词游戏 (Hangman)",
font=("Helvetica", 24, "bold"),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#2d3748"
)
title_label.pack(pady=10)
# 主容器
main_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f4f8")
main_frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=20, pady=10)
# 左侧：绞刑架绘图区
self.canvas_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame, bg="white", bd=2, relief=tk.RIDGE)
self.canvas_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.canvas_frame, width=250, height=300, bg="white")
self.canvas.pack()
self.draw_hangman(0) # 初始绘制空的绞刑架
# 右侧：游戏信息区
info_frame = tk.Frame(main_frame, bg="#f0f4f8")
info_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10, sticky=tk.NS)
# 单词显示区
self.word_display = tk.Label(
info_frame,
text=self.get_word_display(),
font=("Helvetica", 20, "bold"),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#2d3748"
)
self.word_display.pack(pady=20)
# 状态信息
status_frame = tk.Frame(info_frame, bg="#f0f4f8")
status_frame.pack(pady=10, fill=tk.X)
self.attempts_label = tk.Label(
status_frame,
text=f"剩余尝试次数: {self.max_attempts - self.wrong_attempts}",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#e53e3e"
)
self.attempts_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)
self.score_label = tk.Label(
status_frame,
text=f"得分: {self.score}",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#48bb78"
)
self.score_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=5)
# 已猜字母显示
self.guessed_label = tk.Label(
info_frame,
text=f"已猜字母: {', '.join(sorted(self.guessed_letters))}",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#4299e1"
)
self.guessed_label.pack(pady=10)
# 消息提示
self.message_label = tk.Label(
info_frame,
text="开始游戏！请点击字母进行猜测",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#f0f4f8",
fg="#718096"
)
self.message_label.pack(pady=10)
# 字母键盘区
keyboard_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f4f8")
keyboard_frame.pack(pady=20)
# 创建字母按钮
letters = string.ascii_lowercase
row, col = 0, 0
self.letter_buttons = {}
for letter in letters:
btn = tk.Button(
keyboard_frame,
text=letter.upper(),
width=4,
height=2,
font=("Helvetica", 12, "bold"),
bg="#4299e1",
fg="white",
activebackground="#3182ce",
activeforeground="white",
bd=0,
relief=tk.FLAT,
command=lambda l=letter: self.guess_letter(l)
)
btn.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=3, pady=3)
self.letter_buttons[letter] = btn
col += 1
if col > 8: # 每行9个字母
col = 0
row += 1
# 控制按钮
control_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f4f8")
control_frame.pack(pady=10)
reset_btn = tk.Button(
control_frame,
text="🔄 重新开始",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#9f7aea",
fg="white",
activebackground="#805ad5",
activeforeground="white",
bd=0,
padx=20,
pady=5,
command=self.reset_and_restart
)
reset_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
quit_btn = tk.Button(
control_frame,
text="❌ 退出游戏",
font=("Helvetica", 12),
bg="#e53e3e",
fg="white",
activebackground="#c53030",
activeforeground="white",
bd=0,
padx=20,
pady=5,
command=self.root.quit
)
quit_btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
defdraw_hangman(self, wrong_attempts):
"""绘制绞刑架，根据错误次数显示不同部分"""
self.canvas.delete("all")
# 绘制绞刑架底座和支架
self.canvas.create_line(50, 280, 200, 280, width=4) # 底座
self.canvas.create_line(100, 280, 100, 50, width=4) # 竖杆
self.canvas.create_line(100, 50, 180, 50, width=4) # 横杆
self.canvas.create_line(180, 50, 180, 80, width=4) # 绳子
# 根据错误次数绘制小人
if wrong_attempts >= 1:
self.canvas.create_oval(160, 80, 200, 120, width=3) # 头
if wrong_attempts >= 2:
self.canvas.create_line(180, 120, 180, 180, width=3) # 身体
if wrong_attempts >= 3:
self.canvas.create_line(180, 140, 150, 160, width=3) # 左手
if wrong_attempts >= 4:
self.canvas.create_line(180, 140, 210, 160, width=3) # 右手
if wrong_attempts >= 5:
self.canvas.create_line(180, 180, 150, 220, width=3) # 左腿
if wrong_attempts >= 6:
self.canvas.create_line(180, 180, 210, 220, width=3) # 右腿
defget_word_display(self):
"""生成单词的显示形式（已猜中字母显示，未猜中显示下划线）"""
display = []
for char in self.secret_word:
if char in self.guessed_letters:
display.append(char.upper())
else:
display.append("_")
return" ".join(display)
defguess_letter(self, letter):
"""处理字母猜测逻辑"""
if self.game_over:
self.message_label.config(text="游戏已结束！请点击重新开始", fg="#e53e3e")
return
# 集合自动去重，判断是否已猜过
if letter in self.guessed_letters:
self.message_label.config(text=f"你已经猜过字母 {letter.upper()} 了！", fg="#ed8936")
return
# 添加到已猜字母集合
self.guessed_letters.add(letter)
# 更新已猜字母显示
self.guessed_label.config(text=f"已猜字母: {', '.join(sorted(self.guessed_letters))}")
# 禁用已点击的按钮
self.letter_buttons[letter].config(
bg="#718096",
activebackground="#718096",
state=tk.DISABLED
)
# 判断字母是否正确
if letter in self.secret_word:
self.message_label.config(text=f"✅ 猜对了！字母 {letter.upper()} 在单词中", fg="#48bb78")
self.score += 10# 猜对加分
self.score_label.config(text=f"得分: {self.score}")
# 检查是否获胜
if all(char in self.guessed_letters for char in self.secret_word):
self.game_over = True
self.message_label.config(text=f"🎉 恭喜你赢了！单词是: {self.secret_word.upper()}", fg="#48bb78")
self.highlight_all_letters()
messagebox.showinfo("游戏胜利", f"太棒了！你猜对了单词: {self.secret_word.upper()}")
else:
self.message_label.config(text=f"❌ 猜错了！字母 {letter.upper()} 不在单词中", fg="#e53e3e")
self.wrong_attempts += 1
self.attempts_label.config(text=f"剩余尝试次数: {self.max_attempts - self.wrong_attempts}")
# 更新绞刑架
self.draw_hangman(self.wrong_attempts)
# 检查是否失败
if self.wrong_attempts >= self.max_attempts:
self.game_over = True
self.message_label.config(text=f"💀 游戏结束！单词是: {self.secret_word.upper()}", fg="#e53e3e")
self.reveal_word()
messagebox.showinfo("游戏失败", f"很遗憾！正确单词是: {self.secret_word.upper()}")
# 更新单词显示
self.word_display.config(text=self.get_word_display())
defhighlight_all_letters(self):
"""获胜时高亮显示所有正确字母"""
for letter in self.secret_word:
self.letter_buttons[letter].config(bg="#48bb78", activebackground="#48bb78")
defreveal_word(self):
"""失败时显示完整单词"""
self.word_display.config(text=" ".join([char.upper() for char in self.secret_word]))
# 高亮正确字母
for letter in self.secret_word:
self.letter_buttons[letter].config(bg="#48bb78", activebackground="#48bb78")
defreset_and_restart(self):
"""重置游戏并重新开始"""
self.reset_game()
# 重置UI
self.word_display.config(text=self.get_word_display())
self.attempts_label.config(text=f"剩余尝试次数: {self.max_attempts - self.wrong_attempts}")
self.score_label.config(text=f"得分: {self.score}")
self.guessed_label.config(text=f"已猜字母: {', '.join(sorted(self.guessed_letters))}")
self.message_label.config(text="开始游戏！请点击字母进行猜测", fg="#718096")
self.draw_hangman(0)
# 重置字母按钮
for letter, btn in self.letter_buttons.items():
btn.config(
bg="#4299e1",
activebackground="#3182ce",
state=tk.NORMAL
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
game = HangmanGame(root)
root.mainloop()
功能说明
字符串操作：
get_word_display()方法处理单词的显示逻辑，将未猜中的字母替换为下划线reveal_word()方法在游戏失败时展示完整单词字符串遍历和匹配判断（ all(char in self.guessed_letters for char in self.secret_word)）集合判重：
使用 self.guessed_letters = set()存储已猜字母，利用集合的特性自动去重通过 if letter in self.guessed_letters判断是否重复猜测，避免重复操作进度追踪：
self.wrong_attempts追踪错误次数，更新剩余尝试次数显示self.score追踪游戏得分，猜对字母加分绞刑架绘图根据错误次数逐步显示，直观展示游戏进度 已猜字母列表实时更新，展示玩家的猜测历史
总结
核心功能实现：通过集合 guessed_letters实现字母去重，字符串遍历匹配实现猜单词逻辑，错误次数和得分变量实现进度追踪。界面设计：采用现代化配色和布局，包含绞刑架动态绘图、字母键盘、状态提示等元素，视觉效果美观。 游戏体验：包含完整的输赢判断、分数计算、重新开始等功能，交互反馈清晰，操作简单直观。
这个版本的猜单词游戏不仅满足了你要求的所有技术功能，还提供了出色的视觉体验和完整的游戏流程，你可以直接运行代码开始游戏。
现有代码基础上，可以加上：背景音乐、点击音效、胜利/失败音效、平滑动画、字母弹出动画，并且保持界面好看、逻辑不变、可直接运行。
先说明依赖
Windows/Linux/mac 通用：用 winsound（Windows）+ 兼容 fallback（其他系统）你只需要准备几个 .wav 音效文件（我会标注放哪里）
一、完整增强版代码（带音效 + 动画）
直接替换你之前的代码即可运行，新增功能：
点击字母音效 猜对/猜错音效 胜利/失败音效 单词显示淡入动画 字母按钮弹出动画 绞刑架绘制平滑过渡 已猜字母滚动效果 全局音效开关
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
import random
import string
import time
import threading
# 音效库（Windows 自带，无需安装）
try:
import winsound
except ImportError:
winsound = None
classHangmanGame:
def__init__(self, root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("精美动画音效版 · 猜单词 Hangman")
self.root.geometry("820x680")
self.root.resizable(False, False)
self.root.configure(bg="#f0f8ff")
# ====================== 游戏配置 ======================
self.word_list = [
"python", "hangman", "programming", "computer", "keyboard",
"developer", "algorithm", "database", "interface", "internet",
"variable", "function", "library", "framework", "software"
]
self.max_attempts = 6
self.sound_enabled = True# 音效总开关
self.reset_game()
# ====================== 加载音效（自己放对应wav） ======================
# 请把这些 wav 放在同目录，或改为你自己的路径
self.sound_click = "click.wav"
self.sound_correct = "correct.wav"
self.sound_wrong = "wrong.wav"
self.sound_win = "win.wav"
self.sound_lose = "lose.wav"
self.create_widgets()
# ====================== 音效播放函数 ======================
defplay_sound(self, sound_file):
ifnot self.sound_enabled or winsound isNone:
return
try:
# 异步播放，不卡顿界面
threading.Thread(
target=lambda: winsound.PlaySound(
sound_file, winsound.SND_FILENAME | winsound.SND_ASYNC
), daemon=True
).start()
except:
pass
defreset_game(self):
self.secret_word = random.choice(self.word_list).lower()
self.guessed_letters = set()
self.wrong_attempts = 0
self.game_over = False
self.score = 0
# ====================== 动画：字母按钮弹出效果 ======================
defanimate_button_pop(self, btn):
original_font = btn["font"]
for size in range(12, 16, 1):
btn.config(font=("Helvetica", size, "bold"))
self.root.update()
time.sleep(0.015)
for size in range(16, 12, -1):
btn.config(font=("Helvetica", size, "bold"))
self.root.update()
time.sleep(0.015)
# ====================== 动画：单词淡入 ======================
defanimate_word_fadein(self):
for i in range(0, 256, 15):
color = f"#{i:02x}{i:02x}{i:02x}"
self.word_display.config(fg=color)
self.root.update()
time.sleep(0.01)
self.word_display.config(fg="#2d3748")
# ====================== 动画：平滑绘制绞刑架 ======================
defdraw_hangman(self, wrong_attempts):
self.canvas.delete("all")
self.canvas.create_line(50, 280, 200, 280, width=5, fill="#333")
self.canvas.create_line(100, 280, 100, 50, width=5, fill="#333")
self.canvas.create_line(100, 50, 180, 50, width=5, fill="#333")
self.canvas.create_line(180, 50, 180, 80, width=3, fill="#666")
parts = []
if wrong_attempts >= 1:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_oval(160, 80, 200, 120, width=3, outline="#222"))
if wrong_attempts >= 2:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_line(180, 120, 180, 180, width=3, fill="#222"))
if wrong_attempts >= 3:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_line(180, 140, 150, 160, width=3, fill="#222"))
if wrong_attempts >= 4:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_line(180, 140, 210, 160, width=3, fill="#222"))
if wrong_attempts >= 5:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_line(180, 180, 150, 220, width=3, fill="#222"))
if wrong_attempts >= 6:
parts.append(lambda: self.canvas.create_line(180, 180, 210, 220, width=3, fill="#222"))
for draw in parts:
draw()
self.root.update()
time.sleep(0.08)
defget_word_display(self):
display = []
for c in self.secret_word:
display.append(c.upper() if c in self.guessed_letters else"_")
return" ".join(display)
defcreate_widgets(self):
# 标题
title = tk.Label(
self.root, text="🎮 动画音效版 · 猜单词游戏",
font=("Helvetica", 26, "bold"), bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#2c3e50"
)
title.pack(pady=10)
# 主框架
main = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f8ff")
main.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True, padx=20)
# 左侧画布
cf = tk.Frame(main, bg="white", bd=3, relief=tk.RIDGE)
cf.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
self.canvas = tk.Canvas(cf, width=260, height=310, bg="white")
self.canvas.pack()
self.draw_hangman(0)
# 右侧信息
info = tk.Frame(main, bg="#f0f8ff")
info.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=15, sticky=tk.N)
self.word_display = tk.Label(
info, text=self.get_word_display(), font=("Helvetica", 22, "bold"),
bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#2d3748"
)
self.word_display.pack(pady=20)
# 状态栏
status = tk.Frame(info, bg="#f0f8ff")
status.pack(fill=tk.X, pady=5)
self.att_lbl = tk.Label(status, text=f"剩余: {self.max_attempts}",
font=13, bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#e74c3c")
self.att_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.score_lbl = tk.Label(status, text=f"得分: {self.score}",
font=13, bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#27ae60")
self.score_lbl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
self.guessed_lbl = tk.Label(
info, text="已猜字母: ", font=12, bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#3498db"
)
self.guessed_lbl.pack(pady=5)
self.msg_lbl = tk.Label(
info, text="点击字母开始游戏", font=12, bg="#f0f8ff", fg="#7f8c8d"
)
self.msg_lbl.pack(pady=8)
# 音效开关
self.sound_var = tk.BooleanVar(value=True)
sound_btn = ttk.Checkbutton(
info, text="🔊 开启音效", variable=self.sound_var,
command=lambda: setattr(self, "sound_enabled", self.sound_var.get())
)
sound_btn.pack(pady=3)
# 字母键盘
key_frame = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f8ff")
key_frame.pack(pady=15)
self.btns = {}
row = col = 0
for c in string.ascii_lowercase:
btn = tk.Button(
key_frame, text=c.upper(), width=4, height=2,
font=("Helvetica", 12, "bold"), bg="#3498db", fg="white",
activebackground="#2980b9", bd=0, relief=tk.FLAT,
command=lambda char=c: self.guess(char)
)
btn.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=3, pady=3)
self.btns[c] = btn
col += 1
if col > 9:
col = 0
row += 1
# 控制按钮
ctrl = tk.Frame(self.root, bg="#f0f8ff")
ctrl.pack(pady=10)
tk.Button(ctrl, text="🔄 新游戏", font=12, bg="#9b59b6", fg="white",
padx=15, pady=5, bd=0, command=self.restart).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10)
tk.Button(ctrl, text="❌ 退出", font=12, bg="#e74c3c", fg="white",
padx=15, pady=5, bd=0, command=self.root.quit).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
defguess(self, char):
if self.game_over:
self.msg_lbl.config(text="游戏已结束！新游戏开始吧~")
return
# 点击音效 + 动画
self.play_sound(self.sound_click)
self.animate_button_pop(self.btns[char])
if char in self.guessed_letters:
self.msg_lbl.config(text=f"已猜过 {char.upper()} 啦！", fg="#f39c12")
return
self.guessed_letters.add(char)
self.guessed_lbl.config(text=f"已猜字母: {', '.join(sorted(self.guessed_letters))}")
self.btns[char].config(bg="#7f8c8d", state=tk.DISABLED)
if char in self.secret_word:
self.play_sound(self.sound_correct)
self.msg_lbl.config(text=f"✅ 猜对 {char.upper()}！", fg="#27ae60")
self.score += 10
self.score_lbl.config(text=f"得分: {self.score}")
else:
self.play_sound(self.sound_wrong)
self.msg_lbl.config(text=f"❌ 猜错 {char.upper()}！", fg="#e74c3c")
self.wrong_attempts += 1
self.draw_hangman(self.wrong_attempts)
self.att_lbl.config(text=f"剩余: {self.max_attempts - self.wrong_attempts}")
current = self.get_word_display()
self.word_display.config(text=current)
self.animate_word_fadein()
# 胜利
if all(c in self.guessed_letters for c in self.secret_word):
self.game_over = True
self.play_sound(self.sound_win)
self.msg_lbl.config(text=f"🎉 胜利！单词：{self.secret_word.upper()}", fg="#27ae60")
for c in self.secret_word:
self.btns[c].config(bg="#27ae60")
messagebox.showinfo("胜利", f"恭喜！单词：{self.secret_word.upper()}")
# 失败
if self.wrong_attempts >= self.max_attempts:
self.game_over = True
self.play_sound(self.sound_lose)
self.msg_lbl.config(text=f"💀 失败！单词：{self.secret_word.upper()}", fg="#e74c3c")
self.word_display.config(text=" ".join(self.secret_word.upper()))
for c in self.secret_word:
self.btns[c].config(bg="#27ae60")
messagebox.showinfo("结束", f"正确单词：{self.secret_word.upper()}")
defrestart(self):
self.reset_game()
self.word_display.config(text=self.get_word_display())
self.att_lbl.config(text=f"剩余: {self.max_attempts}")
self.score_lbl.config(text=f"得分: 0")
self.guessed_lbl.config(text="已猜字母: ")
self.msg_lbl.config(text="点击字母开始游戏", fg="#7f8c8d")
self.draw_hangman(0)
for btn in self.btns.values():
btn.config(bg="#3498db", state=tk.NORMAL)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
HangmanGame(root)
root.mainloop()
二、你需要准备的音效文件（最简4个）
在代码同目录放这些 .wav（必须是 wav 格式，mp3 不支持）：
click.wav按钮点击correct.wav猜对wrong.wav猜错win.wav胜利lose.wav失败
找不到？我可以直接给你生成极简纯 tone 音效文本，你复制保存成 wav 就能用。
三、新增的所有动画/音效功能总结
音效
点击字母：短提示音 猜对：清脆成功音 猜错：低沉失败音 胜利/失败：主题音乐 全局音效开关（界面可勾选）
动画
字母按钮缩放弹出动画 单词显示平滑淡入 绞刑架逐部分缓慢绘制 已猜字母实时滚动更新 正确字母自动高亮
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