【跟着AI学Python】第23天:网络请求(requests)

# 在虚拟环境中安装（推荐）$ pip install requests

import requests

response = requests.get(url, params=query_params, headers=headers)

# 1. 最简单的 GETres = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get")print(res.status_code)  # 200 → 成功！print(res.text)         # 响应的文本内容

# 请求: https://httpbin.org/get?name=Alice&age=25params = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}res = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params=params)print(res.url)  # 查看实际请求的 URL

response = requests.post(url, data=form_data, json=json_data, headers=headers)

# 1. 提交表单数据 (application/x-www-form-urlencoded)form_data = {"username": "alice", "password": "123456"}res = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", data=form_data)# 2. 提交 JSON 数据 (application/json)json_data = {"user": "alice", "action": "login"}res = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", json=json_data)print(res.json())  # 直接解析返回的 JSON

try:    data = res.json()except requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError:    print("❌ 响应不是有效的 JSON！")    print("原始内容:", res.text)

# 【跟着AI学Python】第23天：网络请求（requests）import requestsdef get_weather(lat=39.9042, lon=116.4074, city="北京"):    """    获取指定城市的当前天气    默认：北京 (纬度 39.9042, 经度 116.4074)    """    url = "https://api.open-meteo.com/v1/forecast"    params = {        "latitude": lat,        "longitude": lon,        "current_weather": "true",        "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai"    }     try:        response = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)        response.raise_for_status()  # 如果状态码不是 2xx，抛出异常        data = response.json()        current = data["current_weather"]        print(f"🌤️  {city} 当前天气:")        print(f"   温度: {current['temperature']}°C")        print(f"   风速: {current['windspeed']} km/h")        print(f"   天气代码: {current['weathercode']} (参考: https://open-meteo.com/en/docs)")         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:        print(f"❌ 网络请求失败: {e}")    except KeyError as e:        print(f"❌ 响应数据格式异常: 缺少字段 {e}")# 使用示例if __name__ == "__main__":    get_weather()  # 北京    get_weather(31.2304, 121.4737, "上海")    get_weather(23.1291, 113.2644, "广州")

headers = {    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36"}res = requests.get("https://example.com", headers=headers)

res = requests.get("https://example.com/image.jpg")with open("image.jpg", "wb") as f:    f.write(res.content)  # .content 是字节

session = requests.Session()session.get("https://example.com/login")  # 自动处理 Cookiesession.post("https://example.com/data")  # 后续请求携带 Cookie

import requests# === 任务1：GET ===print("【任务1】")res1 = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/json")print("标题:", res1.json()["slideshow"]["title"])# === 任务2：POST ===print("\n【任务2】")payload = {"task": "learn Python"}res2 = requests.post("https://httpbin.org/post", json=payload)print("服务器收到:", res2.json()["json"])