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Linux结构化命令(四)——case命令

  • 2026-03-11 07:47:01
Linux结构化命令(四)——case命令
当在shell脚本中需要从一组可能的值中找出特定值用于计算一个变量的值时，就得需要一长串if-then-else语句，这样就会使得shell脚本看起来冗长，但Linux系统中提供了另一种方法处理此类条件语句，即采用case命令。
01
case命令基础格式
使用case命令时，无须再写大量的elif语句来检查同一个变量的值，而是会采用列表的形式检查变量的多个值，格式如下：
case variable inpattern1 | pattern2) commands1;;pattern3) commands2;;*) default commands;;esac
以上语句中，case命令将指定变量与不同模式进行比较，如果匹配则执行该模式指定的命令（可用竖线运算符在一行中分隔出多个模式；星号*会捕获所有与已知模式不匹配的值）。
02
case命令使用示例
如下为将if-then-else程序转换成使用case命令的示例：
#！/bin/bashcase $USER inroot | ait)    echo "wlecome $USER"    echo "Please enjoy your visit";;oracle | dmhs)    echo "Hi,$USER"    echo "We are glad you could join us";;aaa)    echo "Please log out when done with aaa";;*)    echo "Sorry,you are not allowed here";;esac
以上脚本用于判定当前用户为不同用户时，输出不同显示内容。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000593s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000787s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000321s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000260s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000550s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000212s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000510s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 478447 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000579s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774608111 WHERE `id` = 478447 [ RunTime:0.001116s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000235s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478447 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002101s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 478447 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000412s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478447 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.003023s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478447 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.003859s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 478447 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003343s ]
0.093281s