Linux 命令篇:smartctl 硬盘健康的＂体检医生＂

sudo apt updatesudo apt install smartmontools

sudo dnf install smartmontools

sudo pacman -S smartmontools

smartctl [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]

smartctl -i /dev/sda

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar BlackDevice Model:     WDC WD1002FAEX-00Y9A0Serial Number:    WD-WMC300000000LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 200000000Firmware Version: 05.01D05User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physicalRotation Rate:    7200 rpmDevice is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/sLocal Time is:    Tue Mar 11 10:30:00 CST 2025SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capabilitySMART support is: Enabled

smartctl -a /dev/sda

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar BlackDevice Model:     WDC WD1002FAEX-00Y9A0Serial Number:    WD-WMC300000000Firmware Version: 05.01D05User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSEDSMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x0027   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   084   084   000    Old_age   Always       -       32765 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0028   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1234187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0022   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   108   108   000    Old_age   Always       -       38196 Reallocation_Event_Ct   0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0197 Current_Pending_Sector   0x0022   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0028   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count     0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

smartctl -H /dev/sda

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

# 开启 SMARTsmartctl -s on /dev/sda# 关闭 SMARTsmartctl -s off /dev/sda

smartctl -c /dev/sda

smartctl -t short /dev/sda

smartctl -t long /dev/sda

smartctl -t conveyance /dev/sda

smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda

smartctl -X /dev/sda

smartctl -l error /dev/sda

SMART Error LogVersion: 1No Errors Logged

# 查看 NVMe 设备信息smartctl -i /dev/nvme0n1# 查看 NVMe 健康状态smartctl -H /dev/nvme0n1# 查看 NVMe 错误日志smartctl -l error /dev/nvme0n1

# 1. 查看基本信息smartctl -i /dev/sda# 2. 查看健康状态（最常用）smartctl -H /dev/sda# 3. 查看完整 SMART 数据smartctl -a /dev/sda# 4. 执行短自检smartctl -t short /dev/sda# 5. 执行长自检smartctl -t long /dev/sda# 6. 查看自检日志smartctl -l selftest /dev/sda# 7. 查看错误日志smartctl -l error /dev/sda# 8. 查看设备能力smartctl -c /dev/sda# 9. 开启 SMARTsmartctl -s on /dev/sda# 10. 开启自动离线测试（建议开启）smartctl -o on /dev/sda# 11. 监控所有硬盘（适合脚本）smartctl -H -d ata /dev/sd[a-z]

#!/bin/bash# 检测指定硬盘SMART健康状态并输出关键指标DEVICE="/dev/sda"# 检查SMART是否开启if ! smartctl -i $DEVICE | grep -q "SMART support is: Enabled"; then    echo "错误：$DEVICE 未开启SMART功能！"    exit 1fi# 输出健康状态echo "=== 硬盘健康状态 ==="smartctl -H $DEVICE | grep "SMART overall-health"# 输出关键SMART属性echo -e "\n=== 关键SMART指标 ==="smartctl -A $DEVICE | grep -E "5|9|193|194|197|198"