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一个例子让你彻底搞懂Python闭包

  • 2026-06-30 06:38:06
一个例子让你彻底搞懂Python闭包

Python闭包：嵌套函数中，内层函数引用外层函数的局部变量，且外层函数将内层函数作为返回值，即构成闭包。

核心条件：①函数嵌套；②内层引用外层变量；③外层返回内层函数。

作用：保存外层函数的状态，实现数据封装与延迟计算。常用于装饰器、工厂函数。

注意：若内层需修改外层不可变变量，需声明nonlocal；否则只能读取。闭包比类更轻量，但过度使用可能降低可读性。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000591s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000918s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.007258s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.007330s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001000s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000347s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000907s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 488201 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002374s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1783139240 WHERE `id` = 488201 [ RunTime:0.026902s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.006482s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 488201 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000608s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 488201 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.008191s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 488201 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.003370s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 488201 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.011960s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 488201 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.010238s ]
0.167561s