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Linux man 手册设置中文

  • 2026-07-02 16:34:08
Linux man 手册设置中文

Linux man 手册设置中文完整教程（Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/RHEL）

本教程适配所有主流 Linux 发行版，采用别名方案汉化，不覆盖系统默认配置，可随时切换中英文 man 手册，安全无副作用、永久生效。区分 Debian/Ubuntu（apt）和 CentOS/RHEL/Rocky（yum/dnf）两套环境。

一、通用前置检查（所有系统必做）

先检查系统是否支持中文编码，避免乱码：
locale | grep zh_CN
若无输出，先安装中文语言环境：

Debian/Ubuntu

sudo apt install -y language-pack-zh-hans

CentOS/RHEL/Rocky（yum/dnf通用）

sudo yum install -y glibc-langpack-zh

新版dnf系统可替换为

sudo dnf install -y glibc-langpack-zh

二、Debian / Ubuntu 汉化步骤（apt 环境）

1. 安装中文 man 手册包

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y manpages-zh

2. 配置永久中文别名（核心，不破坏原 man）

编辑用户环境变量配置文件：
vim ~/.bashrc
在文件末尾添加以下内容，创建中文 man 别名cman，保留原生英文 man：

man 中文手册别名

alias cman='man -M /usr/share/man/zh_CN'

3. 生效配置

source ~/.bashrc

三、CentOS / RHEL / Rocky 汉化步骤（yum/dnf 环境）

1. 安装中文 man 手册包

CentOS7（yum）

sudo yum install -y man-pages-zh-CN

CentOS8/9、RHEL8+、Rocky（dnf）

sudo dnf install -y man-pages-zh-CN

2. 配置永久中文别名

vim ~/.bashrc
文件末尾添加：

man 中文手册别名

alias cman='man -M /usr/share/man/zh_CN'

3. 生效配置

source ~/.bashrc

四、使用方法（中英自由切换）

查看中文帮助：使用cman 命令，示例：cman ls、cman cd
查看原生英文帮助：直接使用默认 man 命令，不改变系统原生习惯

五、彻底全局汉化（可选，默认全部中文）

若想直接输入 man 默认就是中文，无需 cman 别名，可修改全局环境变量：

写入全局配置，所有用户生效

echo 'export MANPATH=/usr/share/man/zh_CN:$MANPATH' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
设置后 man ls 直接显示中文，如需换回英文，删除该行配置即可。

六、常见问题解决

1. 中文乱码

终端执行临时修复，永久生效可写入 ~/.bashrc：
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh:en

2. 提示无 zh_CN 目录

说明中文手册包未安装成功，重新执行对应系统的安装命令即可。

3. 部分手册仍是英文

man 中文手册为社区翻译，小众命令无中文翻译属于正常现象，会自动 fallback 显示英文原版，不影响使用。

七、方案优势

安全无损：不修改系统默认 man 配置，不会破坏系统原生功能
灵活切换：cman 中文、man 英文，按需使用
永久生效：配置一次，重启终端/服务器均有效
全环境适配：兼容 apt、yum、dnf 所有主流 Linux 系统
本文来自网友投稿或网络内容，如有侵犯您的权益请联系我们删除，联系邮箱：wyl860211@qq.com 。

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000746s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000896s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000323s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000292s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000512s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000201s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000520s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 495643 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000411s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1783046866 WHERE `id` = 495643 [ RunTime:0.031576s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000343s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495643 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000698s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 495643 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000438s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495643 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001677s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495643 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.021877s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495643 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003257s ]
0.135348s