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11.Ros2系列课程之-使用Python编写参数接口

  • 2026-06-28 08:56:07
11.Ros2系列课程之-使用Python编写参数接口

上期我们玩了小乌龟的参数,学会了用命令行动态改背景颜色。但真实项目中,参数肯定是要写在代码里、跟着节点一起管理的。

今天我们就把 参数(Parameter) 正式接入我们的 天气服务系统(weather_py_server / weather_py_client),用 Python 优雅地定义和使用参数。⚙️


🛠️ 一、Python 编写参数接口步骤(两步走)

在 ROS2 的 Python 节点中,参数操作非常简单:

  1. 定义参数(Declare Parameter)

    在节点初始化时,声明参数的名字、类型和默认值。

  2. 使用参数(Use Parameter)

    在业务逻辑中读取参数的值,并根据参数决定程序行为。


🐍 二、编写 Python 代码(改造天气服务)

我们基于之前的 weather_py_server 功能包进行改造。

1. 改造服务端:定义并使用参数

打开 weather_server.py,加入参数逻辑:

import rclpyfrom rclpy.node import Nodefrom weather_service_demo.srv import GetWeatherimport randomimport timeclass WeatherServer(Node):    def __init__(self):        super().__init__('weather_py_server')        # 1. 定义参数:是否开启随机天气模式        self.declare_parameter('random_mode'True)        # 2. 定义参数:默认城市        self.declare_parameter('default_city''Beijing')        self.srv = self.create_service(            GetWeather,            'get_weather',            self.get_weather_callback)        self.get_logger().info(f'Server started. Random mode: True, City: Beijing')    def get_weather_callback(self, request, response):        # 3. 从参数中获取随机天气模式和默认城市        self.random_mode = self.get_parameter('random_mode').value        self.default_city = self.get_parameter('default_city').value        # 线程停1秒,模拟服务端处理时间        time.sleep(1.0)        # 使用参数        if self.random_mode:            weather_options = ['Sunny''Rainy''Cloudy''Snowy']            response.weather_status = random.choice(weather_options)        else:            response.weather_status = 'Fixed_Sunny'        self.get_logger().info(f'Request: {request.date} → Response: {response.weather_status}, City: {self.default_city}')        return responsedef main(args=None):    rclpy.init(args=args)    server = WeatherServer()    rclpy.spin(server)    server.destroy_node()    rclpy.shutdown()if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

2. 修改客户端代码

weather_py_client.py负责发送请求。

import rclpyfrom rclpy.node import Node# 1. 导入自定义的服务接口 (注意这里是导入上一章的包)from weather_service_demo.srv import GetWeatherimport datetimeimport timeclass WeatherClient(Node):    def __init__(self):        super().__init__('weather_py_client')        # 3. 声明并创建客户端        self.cli = self.create_client(GetWeather, 'get_weather')        # 等待服务端上线        while not self.cli.wait_for_service(timeout_sec=1.0):            self.get_logger().info('Service not available, waiting again...')        self.get_logger().info('Weather Client is ready.')    # 2. 创建请求结果接收回调函数    def send_request(self):        # 5. 调用客户端发送请求        # 获取当前日期作为请求参数        today = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")        request = GetWeather.Request()        request.date = today        # self.get_logger().info(f'Sending request for date: {today}')        # 发送请求并等待响应        future = self.cli.call_async(request)        future.add_done_callback(self.response_callback)    # 4. 编写结果接收逻辑    def response_callback(self, future):        try:            response = future.result()            self.get_logger().info(f'Received weather: {response.weather_status}, City: {response.city}')            # 收到响应后,再次发送下一次请求            self.send_request()        except Exception as e:            self.get_logger().error(f'Service call failed: {e}')def main(args=None):    rclpy.init(args=args)    weather_client = WeatherClient()    # 发送第一次请求    weather_client.send_request()    # 进入事件循环,等待响应并自动发送下一次请求    rclpy.spin(weather_client)    weather_client.destroy_node()    rclpy.shutdown()if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

🧪 三、测试参数

1. 编译并运行服务端

colcon build --packages-select weather_py_serversource install/setup.bashros2 run weather_py_server weather_py_server

日志会显示:Server started. Random mode: True, City: Beijing

2. 动态修改参数(核心体验)

打开第二个终端,动态关闭随机模式:

ros2 param set /weather_py_server random_mode False

此时服务端日志会更新,随后客户端收到的天气将永远是 Fixed_Sunny

再试一下修改默认城市参数:

ros2 param set /weather_server default_city Shanghai

💬 聊点热的 🔥

最近 具身智能(Embodied AI) 爆火,Figure、特斯拉、宇树都在卷。但很多人忽略了一点:再聪明的 AI,落地也得靠参数调优。

  • AI 决定“往左走”,参数决定“走多快、步幅多大、碰到障碍退多远”

  • 没有参数,大模型就是空中楼阁;参数是连接“智能”和“物理世界”的最后 1 毫米

这也是为什么我们课程一定要花两期讲参数——不会用参数的机器人工程师,永远做不出能落地的产品。


📢 下期预告

使用 C++ 编写参数

Python 写参数很爽,但量产代码里还是 C++ 更稳。下期我们把这套参数逻辑搬到 C++ 里,完成参数体系的闭环!🚀

💬 互动一下:

你觉得在天气服务里,除了 random_mode和 default_city,还应该加什么参数?

比如 update_interval(更新频率)、api_key(对接真实天气 API)?欢迎在评论区补充 👇

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000596s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000531s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.016282s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000361s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000507s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.019203s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000785s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 499215 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.008645s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1783011797 WHERE `id` = 499215 [ RunTime:0.001575s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000281s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 499215 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002957s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 499215 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001356s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 499215 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.059371s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 499215 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.012014s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 499215 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.017481s ]
0.243305s