一、段落基本操作
1.1 添加段落
from docx import Document
doc = Document()
# 添加基本段落
p1 = doc.add_paragraph('这是第一个段落')
p2 = doc.add_paragraph('这是第二个段落')
# 添加多个段落
for i inrange(5):
doc.add_paragraph(f'段落 {i+1}')
doc.save('paragraphs_basic.docx')
1.2 段落内多段文本（Run）
from docx import Document
doc = Document()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
# 添加多个run
run1 = p.add_run('这是普通文本')
run2 = p.add_run('这是粗体文本')
run2.bold = True
run3 = p.add_run('这是斜体文本')
run3.italic = True
run4 = p.add_run('这是下划线文本')
run4.underline = True
# 添加换行
p.add_run().add_break()
# 添加带样式的run
run5 = p.add_run('这是红色大号文本')
run5.font.size = Pt(20)
run5.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)
doc.save('runs.docx')
1.3 段落属性
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches, Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH, WD_LINE_SPACING
doc = Document()
# 对齐方式
p1 = doc.add_paragraph('左对齐')
p1.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.LEFT
p2 = doc.add_paragraph('居中对齐')
p2.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
p3 = doc.add_paragraph('右对齐')
p3.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT
p4 = doc.add_paragraph('两端对齐')
p4.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.JUSTIFY
# 缩进
p5 = doc.add_paragraph('左缩进1英寸')
p5.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(1)
p6 = doc.add_paragraph('右缩进0.5英寸')
p6.paragraph_format.right_indent = Inches(0.5)
p7 = doc.add_paragraph('首行缩进0.5英寸')
p7.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.5)
# 行距
p8 = doc.add_paragraph('单倍行距')
p8.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(12)
p9 = doc.add_paragraph('1.5倍行距')
p9.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18)
p10 = doc.add_paragraph('2倍行距')
p10.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(24)
# 段前段后间距
p11 = doc.add_paragraph('段前12磅')
p11.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
p12 = doc.add_paragraph('段后12磅')
p12.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
doc.save('paragraph_properties.docx')
二、字体样式（Font）
2.1 基本字体设置
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
doc = Document()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
# 字体名称
run = p.add_run('宋体字体')
run.font.name = '宋体'
run = p.add_run(' 微软雅黑字体')
run.font.name = '微软雅黑'
# 字体大小
run = p.add_run(' 12磅字体')
run.font.size = Pt(12)
run = p.add_run(' 24磅字体')
run.font.size = Pt(24)
# 字体颜色
run = p.add_run(' 红色字体')
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)
run = p.add_run(' 蓝色字体')
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 255)
# 粗体
run = p.add_run(' 粗体')
run.bold = True
# 斜体
run = p.add_run(' 斜体')
run.italic = True
# 下划线
run = p.add_run(' 下划线')
run.underline = True
# 删除线
run = p.add_run(' 删除线')
run.strike = True
# 组合样式
run = p.add_run(' 粗体斜体红色')
run.bold = True
run.italic = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)
doc.save('font_settings.docx')
2.2 高级字体设置
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_UNDERLINE
doc = Document()
p = doc.add_paragraph()
# 下划线样式
run = p.add_run('单下划线')
run.underline = True
run = p.add_run(' 双下划线')
run.underline = WD_UNDERLINE.DOUBLE
run = p.add_run(' 波浪下划线')
run.underline = WD_UNDERLINE.WAVE
run = p.add_run(' 点状下划线')
run.underline = WD_UNDERLINE.DOTTED
# 上标和下标
run = p.add_run(' H2O')
run.font.subscript = True
run = p.add_run(' E=mc2')
run.font.superscript = True
# 字符间距
run = p.add_run(' 加宽字符间距')
run.font.character_spacing = Pt(2)
# 阴影
run = p.add_run(' 阴影效果')
run.font.shadow = True
# 浮雕
run = p.add_run(' 浮雕效果')
run.font.emboss = True
doc.save('advanced_font.docx')
三、段落样式
3.1 内置样式
from docx import Document
doc = Document()
# 内置标题样式
doc.add_heading('一级标题', level=1)
doc.add_heading('二级标题', level=2)
doc.add_heading('三级标题', level=3)
doc.add_heading('四级标题', level=4)
# 内置段落样式
p1 = doc.add_paragraph('Normal样式段落')
p1.style = 'Normal'
p2 = doc.add_paragraph('List Bullet样式')
p2.style = 'List Bullet'
p3 = doc.add_paragraph('List Number样式')
p3.style = 'List Number'
p4 = doc.add_paragraph('Quote样式')
p4.style = 'Quote'
p5 = doc.add_paragraph('Intense Quote样式')
p5.style = 'Intense Quote'
# 查看所有样式
print("可用样式:")
for style in doc.styles:
if style.type == 1: # 段落样式
print(f" {style.name}")
doc.save('builtin_styles.docx')
3.2 自定义样式
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
doc = Document()
# 创建自定义样式
styles = doc.styles
# 创建标题样式
title_style = styles.add_style('CustomTitle', 1) # 1表示段落样式
title_style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
title_style.font.size = Pt(22)
title_style.font.bold = True
title_style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 51, 102)
title_style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
title_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
title_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
# 创建正文样式
body_style = styles.add_style('CustomBody', 1)
body_style.font.name = '宋体'
body_style.font.size = Pt(12)
body_style.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.5)
body_style.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18)
# 创建强调样式
emphasis_style = styles.add_style('CustomEmphasis', 1)
emphasis_style.font.name = '宋体'
emphasis_style.font.size = Pt(12)
emphasis_style.font.italic = True
emphasis_style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 102, 204)
emphasis_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
emphasis_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
# 应用自定义样式
doc.add_heading('自定义标题示例', level=1)
p1 = doc.add_paragraph('这是自定义标题样式的内容')
p1.style = 'CustomTitle'
p2 = doc.add_paragraph('这是自定义正文样式的段落，用于常规内容。正文样式包含了首行缩进和合适的行距。')
p2.style = 'CustomBody'
p3 = doc.add_paragraph('这是自定义强调样式的段落，用于突出显示重要内容。')
p3.style = 'CustomEmphasis'
doc.save('custom_styles.docx')
四、列表样式
4.1 项目符号列表
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT
doc = Document()
# 使用内置样式
doc.add_paragraph('无序列表项目1', style='List Bullet')
doc.add_paragraph('无序列表项目2', style='List Bullet')
doc.add_paragraph('无序列表项目3', style='List Bullet')
# 嵌套列表
p = doc.add_paragraph('一级项目1', style='List Bullet')
p = doc.add_paragraph('二级项目1', style='List Bullet 2')
p = doc.add_paragraph('三级项目1', style='List Bullet 3')
# 自定义项目符号
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
defset_bullet_style(paragraph, bullet_char='•'):
"""设置自定义项目符号"""
p = paragraph._element
pPr = p.get_or_add_pPr()
numPr = OxmlElement('w:numPr')
pPr.append(numPr)
# 设置段落格式
pPr = p.get_or_add_pPr()
ind = pPr.get_or_add_ind()
ind.set(qn('w:left'), '360')
ind.set(qn('w:hanging'), '360')
# 使用自定义项目符号
p = doc.add_paragraph('自定义项目符号')
set_bullet_style(p)
doc.save('bullet_lists.docx')
4.2 编号列表
from docx import Document
doc = Document()
# 使用内置样式
doc.add_paragraph('编号列表项目1', style='List Number')
doc.add_paragraph('编号列表项目2', style='List Number')
doc.add_paragraph('编号列表项目3', style='List Number')
# 嵌套编号列表
p = doc.add_paragraph('一级项目1', style='List Number')
p = doc.add_paragraph('二级项目1', style='List Number 2')
p = doc.add_paragraph('三级项目1', style='List Number 3')
# 混合列表
doc.add_paragraph('一、项目一', style='List Number')
p = doc.add_paragraph('a. 子项目一', style='List Bullet 2')
p = doc.add_paragraph('b. 子项目二', style='List Bullet 2')
doc.add_paragraph('二、项目二', style='List Number')
doc.add_paragraph('三、项目三', style='List Number')
doc.save('numbered_lists.docx')
五、实战案例
5.1 文档样式管理器
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
classStyleManager:
"""样式管理器"""
def__init__(self, doc):
self.doc = doc
self.styles = doc.styles
defcreate_title_style(self, name='CustomTitle'):
"""创建标题样式"""
style = self.styles.add_style(name, 1)
style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
style.font.size = Pt(22)
style.font.bold = True
style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 51, 102)
style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
return style
defcreate_heading_style(self, name, level=2):
"""创建标题样式"""
style = self.styles.add_style(name, 1)
style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
style.font.size = Pt(16 - (level-1) * 2)
style.font.bold = True
style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 51, 102)
style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(10)
style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
return style
defcreate_body_style(self, name='CustomBody'):
"""创建正文样式"""
style = self.styles.add_style(name, 1)
style.font.name = '宋体'
style.font.size = Pt(12)
style.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.5)
style.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18)
return style
defcreate_emphasis_style(self, name='CustomEmphasis'):
"""创建强调样式"""
style = self.styles.add_style(name, 1)
style.font.name = '宋体'
style.font.size = Pt(12)
style.font.italic = True
style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 102, 204)
style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
return style
defcreate_code_style(self, name='CustomCode'):
"""创建代码样式"""
style = self.styles.add_style(name, 1)
style.font.name = 'Consolas'
style.font.size = Pt(10)
style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)
style.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.5)
style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
return style
defapply_style(self, text, style_name):
"""应用样式到文本"""
p = self.doc.add_paragraph()
p.style = style_name
p.add_run(text)
return p
# 使用
doc = Document()
manager = StyleManager(doc)
# 创建样式
manager.create_title_style()
manager.create_body_style()
manager.create_emphasis_style()
manager.create_code_style()
# 应用样式
manager.apply_style('文档标题', 'CustomTitle')
manager.apply_style('正文内容...', 'CustomBody')
manager.apply_style('重要提醒', 'CustomEmphasis')
manager.apply_style('print("Hello, World!")', 'CustomCode')
doc.save('styled_document.docx')
5.2 文章格式化器
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
classArticleFormatter:
"""文章格式化器"""
def__init__(self):
self.doc = Document()
self._setup_styles()
def_setup_styles(self):
"""设置样式"""
styles = self.doc.styles
# 标题样式
title_style = styles.add_style('ArticleTitle', 1)
title_style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
title_style.font.size = Pt(24)
title_style.font.bold = True
title_style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)
title_style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
title_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(24)
title_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
# 副标题样式
subtitle_style = styles.add_style('ArticleSubtitle', 1)
subtitle_style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
subtitle_style.font.size = Pt(14)
subtitle_style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(128, 128, 128)
subtitle_style.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
subtitle_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
subtitle_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(24)
# 正文样式
body_style = styles.add_style('ArticleBody', 1)
body_style.font.name = '宋体'
body_style.font.size = Pt(12)
body_style.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.5)
body_style.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18)
body_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(6)
body_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(6)
# 引用样式
quote_style = styles.add_style('ArticleQuote', 1)
quote_style.font.name = '微软雅黑'
quote_style.font.size = Pt(11)
quote_style.font.italic = True
quote_style.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(128, 128, 128)
quote_style.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.5)
quote_style.paragraph_format.right_indent = Inches(0.5)
quote_style.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
quote_style.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
defformat_article(self, data):
"""格式化文章"""
# 标题
self.doc.add_heading(data.get('title', ''), level=1)
# 作者和日期
p = self.doc.add_paragraph()
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
run = p.add_run(f"作者：{data.get('author', '')} | 日期：{data.get('date', '')}")
run.font.size = Pt(10)
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(128, 128, 128)
# 摘要
if data.get('abstract'):
p = self.doc.add_paragraph()
run = p.add_run('摘要：')
run.bold = True
p.add_run(data['abstract'])
# 正文
for section in data.get('sections', []):
# 章节标题
self.doc.add_heading(section['title'], level=2)
# 内容
for paragraph in section['content']:
self.doc.add_paragraph(paragraph)
# 参考文献
if data.get('references'):
self.doc.add_heading('参考文献', level=2)
for ref in data['references']:
self.doc.add_paragraph(ref, style='List Number')
defsave(self, filename):
"""保存文档"""
self.doc.save(filename)
# 使用
article_data = {
'title': 'Python文章格式化示例',
'author': '张三',
'date': '2024-01-01',
'abstract': '本文介绍了如何使用python-docx进行文章格式化...',
'sections': [
{
'title': '引言',
'content': ['第一段内容...', '第二段内容...']
},
{
'title': '方法',
'content': ['方法描述...']
}
],
'references': ['[1] 参考文献1', '[2] 参考文献2']
}
formatter = ArticleFormatter()
formatter.format_article(article_data)
formatter.save('formatted_article.docx')
六、总结
# 快速参考
# 1. 添加段落
doc.add_paragraph('文本')
# 2. 添加多个Run
p = doc.add_paragraph()
run1 = p.add_run('文本1')
run1.bold = True
# 3. 段落格式
p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
p.paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18)
p.paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.5)
# 4. 字体格式
run.font.name = '微软雅黑'
run.font.size = Pt(12)
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)
# 5. 应用样式
doc.add_paragraph('文本').style = 'Heading 1'
# 6. 创建自定义样式
style = doc.styles.add_style('CustomStyle', 1)
style.font.bold = True
style.font.size = Pt(14)
# 7. 列表
doc.add_paragraph('项目1', style='List Bullet')
doc.add_paragraph('项目2', style='List Number')
# 8. 标题
doc.add_heading('标题', level=1)
python-docx提供了丰富的段落和样式功能，通过合理使用段落属性、字体设置和样式管理，可以创建格式规范、专业美观的Word文档。掌握这些基础操作是构建复杂文档的关键。
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