Linux 运维实用 100 条命令(建议收藏)

uname -a

cat /etc/os-release

hostnamectl

uptime

lscpu

free -h

lsblk -f

lspci

lsusb

timedatectl

ls -lah /var/log

mkdir -p /data/app/{logs,conf,backup}

cp -a /etc/nginx /backup/nginx

mv app.log app.log.1

file /usr/bin/bash

find / -xdev -type f -size +1G -print 2>/dev/null

find /etc -type f -name '*.conf'

du -sh /var/lib/*

sha256sum package.tar.gz

rm -i obsolete.conf

less /var/log/messages

head -n 20 app.log

tail -F app.log

grep -nEi 'error|failed|panic' app.log

grep -RIn --exclude-dir=.git 'listen' /etc/nginx

awk '{print $1,$5}' access.log

sed -i.bak 's/old.example.com/new.example.com/g' app.conf

sort names.txt | uniq -c | sort -nr

diff -u old.conf new.conf

lsof /var/log/app.log

id

last -a | head

sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash appuser

sudo passwd appuser

sudo chown -R appuser:appuser /data/app

chmod 750 /data/app

chmod u+x deploy.sh

getfacl /data/app

setfacl -m u:ops:r-x /data/app

sudo -l

ps -ef --forest

pgrep -af nginx

top

top -H -p 1234

kill -TERM 1234

renice 10 -p 1234

systemctl status nginx --no-pager

sudo systemctl enable --now nginx

sudo systemctl reload nginx

systemctl --failed

ip -br address

ip route

ip neigh

ss -lntup

ss -antp '( sport = :443 )'

ping -c 4192.0.2.10

traceroute example.com

dig +short example.com A

nc -vz -w 3192.0.2.105432

curl -I --connect-timeout 5 https://example.com

df -hT

df -ih

findmnt

blkid /dev/sdb1

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data

sudo umount /data

iostat -xz 1

sudo pidstat -d 1

sudo lvs -a -o +devices

sudo fsck -n /dev/sdb1

journalctl -b

journalctl -u nginx -n 100 --no-pager

journalctl --since '2026-07-27 09:00' --until'2026-07-27 10:00'

journalctl -k -p warning

crontab -l

crontab -e

systemctl list-timers --all

echo '/usr/local/bin/backup.sh' | at 23:00

nohup ./job.sh >job.log 2>&1 &

jobs -l

tar -czf app-$(date +%F).tar.gz /data/app

tar -tzf app.tar.gz | head

tar -xzf app.tar.gz -C /opt/app

scp backup.tar.gz ops@192.0.2.20:/backup/

rsync -aHAX --delete --dry-run /data/ ops@192.0.2.20:/data/

ssh -N -L 15432:db.internal:5432 ops@bastion.example.com

sudo apt install -y jq

sudo dnf install -y jq

dpkg -S /usr/bin/curl

apt list --upgradable

vmstat 110

pidstat -u 1

ps -eo pid,user,%mem,rss,comm --sort=-rss | head

sudo strace -f -p 1234

cat /proc/1234/limits

sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10

sudo nft list ruleset

sestatus

{ date; uptime; free -h; df -hT; ss -s; systemctl --failed; } | tee system-check.txt