ls
-l
-a
.
-h
ls -lh
-R
-t
-S
--color=auto
cd
..
-
pwd
-P
-L
mkdir
-p
mkdir -p a/b/c
-v
-m
mkdir -m 700 dir
rmdir
rmdir -p a/b/c
touch
[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]
-c
cp
-r
-i
-u
-dR --preserve=all
mv
-f
rm
ln
-s
readlink
find
-name pattern
*
?
-type f/d
-size +100M
-mtime -7
-exec cmd {} \;
-delete
-maxdepth n
cat
-n
-b
-E
$
-T
^I
less
-N
+F
tail -f
more
-d
head
-n N
-c N
tail
-F
grep
egrep
-o
wc
-w
sort
-k
-k 2
-t:
uniq
diff
-q
echo
-e
\n
\t
printf
printf "%-10s %d\n" name 123
cut
-f 1,3
-c 1-5
--complement
awk
-F:
'{print $1,$2}'
'NR==1{print}'
'$3 > 50 {print}'
'{sum+=$1} END{print sum}'
NF
NR
FS
sed
p
's/old/new/g'
'/pattern/d'
'2,5d'
'2a\text'
'2i\text'
tr
tr -c 'a-z' '\n'
'A-Z' 'a-z'
|
uname
hostnamectl
df
--total
du
--max-depth=N
free
-s seconds
free -s 2
uptime
date
+%Y-%m-%d
date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
-s "2026-08-20 12:00"
cal
-3
-y
2026
whoami
id
-g
-G
username
who
last
-f file
/var/log/wtmp
ps
aux
-ef
-u username
-C process_name
--forest
-o pid,ppid,cmd,%mem
top
-d seconds
-u user
-p PID
k
M
P
htop
kill
-9
-15
-2
-1
killall
-9 process_name
pkill
-f pattern
jobs
bg
%job_number
fg
nohup
command &
nice
-n N command
renice
-n N -p PID
chmod
u+x
g-w
o=r
a+r
755
--reference=ref_file target
chown
user:group file
user file
:group file
--from=current_user
chgrp
group file
umask
022
ping
-c count
-i seconds
-s size
-W timeout
curl
-O
-o filename
-I
-X POST
-d "data"
-H "Header: value"
wget
-O filename
-np
--limit-rate=200k
ifconfig
eth0 up/down
eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip
addr show
link set eth0 up/down
route show
addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0
netstat
ss
ssh
-p port
-i keyfile
-X
user@host
scp
-P port
-C
local user@remote:path
user@remote:path local
traceroute
-m max_ttl
-q nqueries
tracepath
nslookup
domain
-type=MX domain
dig
+short
@8.8.8.8
-cvf archive.tar files
c
v
f
-xvf archive.tar
-tvf archive.tar
-z
.tar.gz
.tgz
-j
.tar.bz2
-J
.tar.xz
--exclude=pattern
-C directory
gzip
gunzip
zip
unzip
-d directory
-P password
bzip2
xz
apt update
apt upgrade
apt install
package
--reinstall
apt remove
apt purge
apt autoremove
apt search
keyword
apt show
dpkg
-i package.deb
-r package
-L package
yum install
dnf install
yum remove
dnf remove
yum update
dnf update
yum list installed
yum search
dnf search
yum info
dnf info
rpm
-ivh package.rpm
-e package
-qa
-ql package
pacman -Sy
pacman -Su
pacman -S
pacman -Rs
pacman -Q
pacman -Qi
pacman -Fl
man
command
q
-k keyword
apropos
-f command
whatis
command --help
info