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第四十课:Python数学函数模块math

  • 2026-02-27 13:52:14
第四十课:Python数学函数模块math
math是Python内置的一个标准库,它包含了许多执行复杂数学运算的函数。这个也是考纲当中要考的。所以在这里总结分享一下。可以从这里找到:https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/math.html
import mathprint(dir(math))
通过这两条命令就把math所有的函数名称打印出来了。考试的时候也不是全考,也只是其中的一部分。
math.factorial(n)
  • 功能:计算n的阶乘
  • 注意:n必须是非负整数,否则抛出ValueError
print(math.factorial(5))  # 输出: 120 (5! = 5×4×3×2×1)
math.gcd(*integers)
  • 功能:计算多个整数的最大公约数
  • 特点:可接受任意数量的整数参数
  • 注意:Python 3.5+ 支持多个参数
print(math.gcd(812))    # 输出: 4print(math.gcd(81216)) # 输出: 4
math.isqrt(n)
  • 功能:计算非负整数n的整数平方根(向下取整)
  • 特点:Python 3.8+ 引入,比int(math.sqrt(n))更精确
  • 注意:n必须是非负整数
print(math.isqrt(10))  # 输出: 3 (10的整数平方根,向下取整)
math.lcm(*integers)
  • 功能:计算多个整数的最小公倍数
  • 特点:Python 3.9+ 引入
  • 注意:与gcd互为补充,lcm(a,b) = |a*b|/gcd(a,b)
print(math.lcm(46))    # 输出: 12print(math.lcm(234)) # 输出: 12
math.ceil(x)
  • 功能:向上取整,即大于等于x的最小整数
  • 特点
    • 返回值是浮点数(如4.0而非4
    • int()trunc()不同,负数向上取整会向0靠近
import mathprint(math.ceil(3.2))   # 输出: 4.0print(math.ceil(-3.2))  # 输出: -3.0
math.fabs(x)
  • 功能:x的绝对值(浮点版)
  • 特点
    • 总是返回浮点数
    • 与内置函数abs()的区别:abs()可处理整数/复数,fabs只处理浮点数
print(math.fabs(-3.5))  # 输出: 3.5print(math.fabs(3.5))   # 输出: 3.5#print(abs(-3))     # 3 (整数)print(math.fabs(-3)) # 3.0 (浮点数)
math.floor(x)
  • 功能:向下取整,即小于等于x的最大整数
  • 特点
    • 返回值是浮点数
    • ceil相反,负数向下取整会远离0
  • 对比
    • floor(3.8) = 3.0
      ceil(3.8) = 4.0
    • floor(-3.8) = -4.0
      ceil(-3.8) = -3.0
print(math.floor(3.8))   # 输出: 3.0print(math.floor(-3.8))  # 输出: -4.0
math.fmod(x, y)
  • 功能:除法运算x / y的余数
  • 特点
    • 结果的符号与x相同
    • %运算符的区别:x % y的结果符号与y相同
print(math.fmod(10.53.2))   # 输出: 0.9print(math.fmod(-10.53.2))  # 输出: -0.9#对比print(-10.5 % 3.2)      # 1.9 (符号与y相同)print(math.fmod(-10.53.2)) # -0.9 (符号与x相同)

math.modf(x)

  • 功能:x的小数和整数部分
  • 特点
    • 返回元组(小数部分, 整数部分)
    • 两部分都保留原始x的符号
  • 注意:整数部分也是浮点数(如3.0
print(math.modf(3.5))   # 输出: (0.53.0)print(math.modf(-3.5))  # 输出: (-0.5, -3.0)
math.trunc(x)
  • 功能:x的整数部分(向零取整)
  • 特点
    • 直接截断小数部分
    • 正负数都向0靠近
  • 对比
    • trunc(3.5) = 3
      floor(3.5) = 3.0
    • trunc(-3.5) = -3
      floor(-3.5) = -4.0
print(math.trunc(3.5))   # 输出: 3print(math.trunc(-3.5))  # 输出: -3
math.cbrt(x)
  • 功能:计算x的立方根
  • 特点
    • Python 3.11+ 引入
    • x ** (1/3)相比,更精确(尤其对负数)
  • 注意:返回浮点数,即使结果是整数
import mathprint(math.cbrt(27))  # 输出: 3.0print(math.cbrt(-8))  # 输出: -2.0
math.pow(x, y)
  • 功能:计算x的y次幂
  • 特点
    • 返回浮点数
    • **运算符的区别:math.pow总是返回浮点数
print(math.pow(23))   # 输出: 8.0print(math.pow(90.5)) # 输出: 3.0#对比print(2 ** 3)      # 8 (整数)print(math.pow(23)) # 8.0 (浮点数)
math.sqrt(x)
  • 功能计算x的平方根
  • 特点
    • 专为平方根优化,比x ** 0.5更快更精确
    • x必须≥0,否则抛出ValueError
  • 注意返回浮点数
print(math.sqrt(16))  # 输出: 4.0print(math.sqrt(2))   # 输出: 1.414...
math.exp(x)
  • 功能:计算e的x次幂
  • 特点
    • 专为指数函数优化
    • math.e ** x更精确
  • 科学应用:自然增长模型、概率分布
print(math.exp(1))   # 输出: 2.718... (e)print(math.exp(2))   # 输出: 7.389... (e²)

math.exp2(x)

  • 功能:计算2的x次幂
  • 特点
    • Python 3.11+ 引入
    • 2 ** x更精确
  • 应用:二进制计算、信息论
print(math.exp2(3))  # 输出: 8.0 (2³)print(math.exp2(0.5)) # 输出: 1.414... (√2)
好了,针对考试的话,分享到这里就差不多了。如果是开发的话,在最开始的地方那个网址里面还有更多的介绍。一起沟通,学习。

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001014s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001587s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000737s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000702s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001478s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001419s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001569s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 475430 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001098s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1772292231 WHERE `id` = 475430 [ RunTime:0.001681s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000610s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 475430 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001170s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 475430 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001058s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 475430 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.001951s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 475430 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.001691s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 475430 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.002170s ]
0.186794s