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Linux 包管理器详解:dpkg/rpm、依赖问题、离线安装

  • 2026-04-20 12:40:24
Linux 包管理器详解:dpkg/rpm、依赖问题、离线安装

字数 3569,阅读大约需 18 分钟

软件包管理基础

包管理器对比

发行版
包管理器
包格式
配置文件
Debian/Ubuntu
apt/dpkg
.deb
/etc/apt/sources.list
CentOS/RHEL 7
yum/rpm
.rpm
/etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS/RHEL 8+
dnf/rpm
.rpm
/etc/yum.repos.d/
openSUSE
zypper/rpm
.rpm
/etc/zypp/
Arch Linux
pacman
.pkg.tar.xz
/etc/pacman.conf
Fedora
dnf/rpm
.rpm
/etc/yum.repos.d/

包管理核心概念

软件源 (Repository) → 包管理器 → 安装包 → 软件
                        ↓
                    依赖解决
  • • 软件源:存放软件包的服务器
  • • 包格式:软件的打包格式(deb/rpm)
  • • 依赖:软件运行所需的其他库或程序
  • • 元数据:软件包的描述信息(版本、依赖等)

Debian/Ubuntu: apt

apt 基本命令

# 更新软件源列表
sudo
 apt update

# 升级已安装的软件(不删除包)

sudo
 apt upgrade

# 升级软件(可能删除包)

sudo
 apt dist-upgrade

# 安装软件

sudo
 apt install nginx

# 安装特定版本

sudo
 apt install nginx=1.18.0-0ubuntu1

# 卸载软件(保留配置)

sudo
 apt remove nginx

# 彻底卸载(删除配置)

sudo
 apt purge nginx

# 自动删除无用依赖

sudo
 apt autoremove

# 清理缓存

sudo
 apt clean
sudo
 apt autoclean

# 查看软件信息

apt show nginx

# 搜索软件

apt search nginx

# 列出已安装软件

apt list --installed

# 列出可升级软件

apt list --upgradable

dpkg 命令(底层工具)

# 安装本地 deb 包
sudo
 dpkg -i package.deb

# 卸载软件

sudo
 dpkg -r package

# 查看已安装软件

dpkg -l

# 查看软件详细信息

dpkg -s package

# 查看软件安装的文件

dpkg -L package

# 查看文件属于哪个包

dpkg -S /usr/bin/nginx

# 列出包内容(不安装)

dpkg -c package.deb

apt 高级用法

# 模拟安装(不实际执行)
sudo
 apt install nginx --dry-run

# 只下载不安装

sudo
 apt install nginx --download-only

# 修复损坏的包

sudo
 apt --fix-broken install

# 允许降级安装

sudo
 apt install nginx --allow-downgrades

# 从特定版本安装

sudo
 apt install nginx/bionic

# 查看包依赖

apt depends nginx

# 查看反向依赖(哪些包依赖它)

apt rdepends nginx

# 查看包变更历史

apt changelog nginx

# 下载源码包

apt source nginx

apt 配置

# 软件源配置
cat
 /etc/apt/sources.list

# 额外软件源目录

ls
 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

# apt 配置

cat
 /etc/apt/apt.conf
cat
 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*

# 首选项(版本控制)

cat
 /etc/apt/preferences.d/*

# 修改下载镜像(交互式)

sudo
 software-properties-gtk

# 命令行修改镜像

sudo
 sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

CentOS/RHEL: yum/dnf

yum 基本命令(CentOS 7)

# 清理缓存
sudo
 yum clean all

# 重建缓存

sudo
 yum makecache

# 更新软件源

sudo
 yum check-update

# 升级所有软件

sudo
 yum update

# 升级特定软件

sudo
 yum update nginx

# 安装软件

sudo
 yum install nginx

# 安装特定版本

sudo
 yum install nginx-1.18.0

# 卸载软件

sudo
 yum remove nginx

# 查看软件信息

yum info nginx

# 搜索软件

yum search nginx

# 列出已安装软件

yum list installed

# 列出可升级软件

yum list updates

# 查看包依赖

yum deplist nginx

# 查看包历史

yum history

dnf 基本命令(CentOS 8+/Fedora)

# dnf 兼容 yum 命令
sudo
 dnf install nginx
sudo
 dnf remove nginx
sudo
 dnf update

# 查看包历史

sudo
 dnf history

# 回滚到历史操作

sudo
 dnf history undo 5

# 查看包依赖

dnf repoquery --requires nginx

# 查看反向依赖

dnf repoquery --whatrequires nginx

# 列出包提供的文件

dnf repoquery -l nginx

# 查找提供某文件的包

dnf provides /usr/bin/nginx

rpm 命令(底层工具)

# 安装 rpm 包
sudo
 rpm -ivh package.rpm

# 升级 rpm 包

sudo
 rpm -Uvh package.rpm

# 强制安装(忽略依赖)

sudo
 rpm -ivh --force package.rpm

# 卸载软件

sudo
 rpm -e package

# 查询已安装软件

rpm -qa

# 查询软件信息

rpm -qi nginx

# 查询软件文件列表

rpm -ql nginx

# 查询文件属于哪个包

rpm -qf /usr/bin/nginx

# 验证包完整性

rpm -V nginx

# 导入 GPG 密钥

sudo
 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

yum/dnf 配置

# 仓库配置目录
ls
 /etc/yum.repos.d/

# 查看启用的仓库

yum repolist
dnf repolist

# 查看仓库配置

cat
 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

# 启用/禁用仓库

sudo
 yum-config-manager --enable epel
sudo
 yum-config-manager --disable epel

# dnf 管理仓库

sudo
 dnf config-manager --enable powertools
sudo
 dnf config-manager --disable powertools

# 查看仓库优先级

yum repolist all

# 清理元数据

sudo
 yum clean metadata
sudo
 dnf clean all

源码编译安装

编译安装步骤

# 1. 安装编译工具
# Debian/Ubuntu

sudo
 apt install build-essential

# CentOS/RHEL

sudo
 yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
sudo
 yum install gcc gcc-c++ make

# 2. 下载源码

wget https://example.com/software-1.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf software-1.0.tar.gz
cd
 software-1.0

# 3. 查看编译选项

./configure --help

# 4. 配置编译选项

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/software \
            --with-ssl=/usr/include/openssl \
            --enable-shared

# 5. 编译

make -j$(nproc)

# 6. 安装

sudo
 make install

# 7. 卸载

sudo
 make uninstall

常见编译选项

# 安装路径
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx      # 主目录
--exec-prefix=/usr             # 可执行文件
--bindir=/usr/bin              # 用户命令
--sbindir=/usr/sbin            # 系统命令
--sysconfdir=/etc              # 配置文件

# 功能选项

--enable-module                  # 启用模块
--disable-module                 # 禁用模块
--with-feature                   # 包含特性
--without-feature                # 不包含特性

# 依赖库

--with-ssl=/path/to/ssl          # SSL 库路径
--with-zlib=/path/to/zlib        # zlib 路径
--with-pcre=/path/to/pcre        # PCRE 路径

解决依赖问题

# 查看缺失依赖
./configure 2>&1 | grep "not found"

# Debian/Ubuntu 安装依赖

sudo
 apt build-dep nginx

# CentOS/RHEL 安装依赖

sudo
 yum-builddep nginx

# 使用 pkg-config 查找库

pkg-config --libs openssl
pkg-config --cflags openssl

# 设置库路径

export
 LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib"
export
 CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include"
export
 PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig"

管理源码安装的软件

# 记录安装文件
sudo
 checkinstall make install

# 生成 deb 包(Debian/Ubuntu)

sudo
 checkinstall --pkgname=software --pkgversion=1.0 make install

# 生成 rpm 包(CentOS/RHEL)

sudo
 checkinstall --pkgname=software --pkgversion=1.0 --pkgtype=rpm make install

# 手动记录文件列表

sudo
 make install | tee install.log
# 或使用 strace

sudo
 strace -f -e trace=open make install 2>&1 | grep open

# 创建 systemd 服务

sudo
 tee /etc/systemd/system/software.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Custom Software
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/software/bin/software
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

通用包格式

Snap 包(Ubuntu)

# 安装 snapd
sudo
 apt install snapd

# 搜索软件

snap find nginx

# 安装软件

sudo
 snap install nginx

# 列出已安装

snap list

# 升级软件

sudo
 snap refresh nginx

# 卸载软件

sudo
 snap remove nginx

# 查看版本信息

snap info nginx

# 回滚到上一版本

sudo
 snap revert nginx

# 查看日志

snap logs nginx

Flatpak 包

# 安装 flatpak
sudo
 apt install flatpak

# 添加仓库

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

# 搜索软件

flatpak search nginx

# 安装软件

flatpak install flathub org.example.App

# 列出已安装

flatpak list

# 运行软件

flatpak run org.example.App

# 卸载软件

flatpak uninstall org.example.App

# 更新所有软件

flatpak update

AppImage

# 下载 AppImage
wget https://example.com/app.AppImage

# 添加执行权限

chmod
 +x app.AppImage

# 运行

./app.AppImage

# 集成到系统(可选)

./app.AppImage --appimage-extract-and-run --install

软件源管理

更换国内镜像

Ubuntu/Debian

# 备份原配置
sudo
 cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 使用阿里云镜像(Ubuntu 20.04 focal)

sudo
 tee /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

# 更新缓存

sudo
 apt update

CentOS/RHEL

# 备份原配置
sudo
 cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

# 使用阿里云镜像(CentOS 7)

sudo
 tee /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo << 'EOF'
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EOF

# 清理缓存

sudo
 yum clean all
sudo
 yum makecache

添加第三方源

Ubuntu PPA

# 添加 PPA
sudo
 add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable

# 手动添加 PPA

sudo
 tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list << EOF
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/stable/ubuntu focal main
EOF


# 导入 GPG 密钥

sudo
 apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys ABC123

# 更新缓存

sudo
 apt update

CentOS EPEL 源

# 安装 EPEL 源
sudo
 yum install epel-release

# 或手动安装

sudo
 yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

# 验证

yum repolist | grep epel

创建本地源

# 1. 创建目录
sudo
 mkdir -p /opt/localrepo

# 2. 复制 rpm 包

cp
 *.rpm /opt/localrepo/

# 3. 创建元数据

cd
 /opt/localrepo
createrepo .

# 4. 配置仓库

sudo
 tee /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo << EOF
[local]
name=Local Repository
baseurl=file:///opt/localrepo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF


# 5. 刷新缓存

sudo
 yum makecache

依赖问题解决

常见依赖错误

# 错误 1:未满足依赖
# Error: Package: nginx-1.18.0 requires openssl >= 1.1.0


# 解决:安装依赖

sudo
 apt install openssl
# 或

sudo
 yum install openssl

# 错误 2:版本冲突

# Error: Package: nginx-1.18.0 conflicts with nginx-old


# 解决:卸载冲突包

sudo
 apt remove nginx-old
# 或

sudo
 yum remove nginx-old

# 错误 3:GPG 密钥验证失败

# Error: GPG check FAILED


# 解决:导入密钥

sudo
 rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
# 或跳过验证(不推荐)

sudo
 rpm -ivh --nodeps --force package.rpm

依赖查询工具

# Debian/Ubuntu
apt depends nginx              # 查看依赖
apt-cache depends nginx        # 旧版命令
apt-cache showpkg nginx        # 查看包关系

# CentOS/RHEL

yum deplist nginx              # 查看依赖
rpm -qR nginx                  # 查询所需依赖
rpm -q --whatrequires openssl  # 查询哪些包依赖 openssl

# 通用

ldd /usr/bin/nginx             # 查看动态库依赖

强制安装(慎用)

# dpkg 强制安装
sudo
 dpkg -i --force-depends package.deb

# rpm 强制安装(忽略依赖)

sudo
 rpm -ivh --nodeps package.rpm

# yum 跳过依赖

sudo
 yum install --skip-broken package

# dnf 跳过依赖

sudo
 dnf install --skip-broken package

实战案例

案例 1:部署 LAMP 环境(Ubuntu)

# 1. 更新软件源
sudo
 apt update

# 2. 安装 Apache

sudo
 apt install apache2 -y

# 3. 安装 MySQL

sudo
 apt install mysql-server -y
sudo
 mysql_secure_installation

# 4. 安装 PHP 及扩展

sudo
 apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y
sudo
 apt install php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-xmlrpc -y

# 5. 验证安装

sudo
 systemctl status apache2
sudo
 systemctl status mysql
php -v

# 6. 创建测试页面

sudo
 tee /var/www/html/info.php << EOF
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF


# 7. 设置权限

sudo
 chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo
 chmod -R 755 /var/www/html

案例 2:部署 Docker(CentOS 7)

# 1. 卸载旧版本
sudo
 yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

# 2. 安装 yum 工具包

sudo
 yum install -y yum-utils

# 3. 添加 Docker 仓库

sudo
 yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 4. 安装 Docker

sudo
 yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y

# 5. 启动 Docker

sudo
 systemctl start docker
sudo
 systemctl enable docker

# 6. 验证安装

docker --version
docker run hello-world

# 7. 添加用户到 docker 组(免 sudo)

sudo
 usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

案例 3:编译安装 Nginx

# 1. 安装依赖
sudo
 yum install -y gcc pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

# 2. 下载源码

cd
 /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
tar -xzvf nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
cd
 nginx-1.20.0

# 3. 配置编译选项

./configure \
    --prefix=/etc/nginx \
    --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
    --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
    --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
    --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
    --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module

# 4. 编译安装

make -j$(nproc)
sudo
 make install

# 5. 创建 systemd 服务

sudo
 tee /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF


# 6. 启动服务

sudo
 systemctl daemon-reload
sudo
 systemctl enable nginx
sudo
 systemctl start nginx

# 7. 验证

curl -I http://localhost

案例 4:多版本共存管理

# 场景:同时安装 Python 3.8 和 3.10

# 1. 添加 deadsnakes PPA(Ubuntu)

sudo
 add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo
 apt update

# 2. 安装多版本

sudo
 apt install python3.8 python3.8-venv python3.8-dev
sudo
 apt install python3.10 python3.10-venv python3.10-dev

# 3. 使用 update-alternatives 管理

sudo
 update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.8 1
sudo
 update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 2

# 4. 选择默认版本

sudo
 update-alternatives --config python3

# 5. 直接调用特定版本

python3.8 --version
python3.10 --version

# 6. 使用 pyenv 管理(推荐)

curl https://pyenv.run | bash
# 添加 ~/.bashrc

export
 PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export
 PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval
 "$(pyenv init -)"

# 安装版本

pyenv install 3.8.10
pyenv install 3.10.4

# 设置全局/局部版本

pyenv global 3.10.4
pyenv local 3.8.10  # 当前目录

案例 5:离线安装软件

# 场景:内网服务器安装软件

# 1. 在有网机器下载包

# Debian/Ubuntu

apt-get download nginx
apt-get download $(apt-cache depends nginx | grep Depends | sed "s/.*ends://")

# CentOS/RHEL

yumdownloader --resolve nginx

# 2. 打包复制

tar -czvf nginx-offline.tar.gz *.deb
# 或

tar -czvf nginx-offline.tar.gz *.rpm

scp nginx-offline.tar.gz offline-server:/tmp/

# 3. 离线安装

# Debian/Ubuntu

tar -xzvf nginx-offline.tar.gz
sudo
 dpkg -i *.deb

# CentOS/RHEL

tar -xzvf nginx-offline.tar.gz
sudo
 rpm -ivh *.rpm
# 或

sudo
 yum localinstall *.rpm

# 4. 创建本地源(推荐)

mkdir
 /opt/offline-repo
cp
 *.rpm /opt/offline-repo/
cd
 /opt/offline-repo
createrepo .

# 配置仓库

sudo
 tee /etc/yum.repos.d/offline.repo << EOF
[offline]
name=Offline Repository
baseurl=file:///opt/offline-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

避坑指南

坑 1:升级导致服务不可用

# ❌ 错误:直接升级所有包
sudo
 apt upgrade -y
# 结果:Nginx 配置不兼容,服务挂了


# ✅ 正确:先测试

sudo
 apt upgrade --dry-run
# 查看变更

apt list --upgradable
# 备份配置

sudo
 cp -r /etc/nginx /etc/nginx.bak
# 再升级

sudo
 apt upgrade -y
# 验证服务

sudo
 systemctl status nginx

坑 2:第三方源冲突

# ❌ 错误:添加多个冲突源
add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable
add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/development
# 结果:版本冲突


# ✅ 正确:使用 pinning

sudo
 tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/nginx << EOF
Package: nginx*
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-nginx-stable
Pin-Priority: 1001
EOF

坑 3:忽略安全更新

# ❌ 错误:禁用安全更新
# /etc/apt/sources.list 注释掉 security 行


# ✅ 正确:优先安全更新

sudo
 apt update
sudo
 apt upgrade -y
# 或只安装安全更新

sudo
 apt upgrade -y --security

坑 4:源码安装后无法卸载

# ❌ 错误:直接 make install
make install
# 结果:不知道装了哪些文件


# ✅ 正确:使用 checkinstall

sudo
 checkinstall
# 生成 deb/rpm 包,可追踪管理

坑 5:依赖地狱

# ❌ 错误:强制安装忽略依赖
sudo
 rpm -ivh --nodeps package.rpm
# 结果:程序运行时报错


# ✅ 正确:解决根本问题

# 1. 查看缺失依赖

rpm -qpR package.rpm
# 2. 安装依赖

sudo
 yum install missing-dep
# 3. 再安装

sudo
 rpm -ivh package.rpm

坑 6:清理缓存误删

# ❌ 错误:清理整个缓存
sudo
 apt clean
# 结果:重新安装要重新下载


# ✅ 正确:清理旧版本

sudo
 apt autoclean
# 或保留当前版本

sudo
 apt clean && sudo apt update

练习题

基础题

  1. 1. 更新软件源并升级所有软件
  2. 2. 安装 Nginx 并验证版本
  3. 3. 卸载 Nginx(保留配置)
  4. 4. 搜索包含 "mysql" 的软件包

进阶题

  1. 5. 添加 EPEL 源并安装 htop
  2. 6. 编译安装 Nginx 1.20,启用 SSL 模块
  3. 7. 解决依赖冲突:安装需要旧版本库的软件
  4. 8. 创建本地 yum 仓库并安装其中的包

答案

# 1
sudo
 apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
# 或

sudo
 yum update -y

# 2

sudo
 apt install nginx -y
nginx -v

# 3

sudo
 apt remove nginx
# 或彻底删除

sudo
 apt purge nginx

# 4

apt search mysql
# 或

yum search mysql

# 5

sudo
 yum install epel-release -y
sudo
 yum install htop -y

# 6

# 见案例 3


# 7

# 使用 apt pinning 或 yum versionlock

sudo
 yum install yum-plugin-versionlock
sudo
 yum versionlock add package

# 8

# 见创建本地源章节

命令速查表

功能
Debian/Ubuntu
CentOS/RHEL
更新源
apt updateyum makecache
升级
apt upgradeyum update
安装
apt install pkgyum install pkg
卸载
apt remove pkgyum remove pkg
搜索
apt search pkgyum search pkg
信息
apt show pkgyum info pkg
清理
apt cleanyum clean all
历史
apt historyyum history
本地包
dpkg -i pkg.debrpm -ivh pkg.rpm
查询文件
dpkg -S filerpm -qf file

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  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-21 18:23:22 HTTP/2.0 GET : https://f.mffb.com.cn/a/484244.html
  2. 运行时间 : 0.116383s [ 吞吐率:8.59req/s ] 内存消耗:4,798.92kb 文件加载:140
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000916s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001759s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001051s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000661s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001306s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000569s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001600s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 484244 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001197s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776767002 WHERE `id` = 484244 [ RunTime:0.001998s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000619s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484244 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001186s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 484244 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000903s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484244 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.002042s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484244 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.005098s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484244 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.003448s ]
0.119999s