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Linux下文本查看搜索与信息提取加工命令

  • 2026-04-21 08:51:52
Linux下文本查看搜索与信息提取加工命令
熟练使用文本工具是后端工程师在linux下日常必备技能。
熟练使用 --help 参数。
数量使用 man xx 命令等。

查看文件

查看小文件的命令：cat，tac
cat: 一次查看文件全部内容。使用 -n可以加上行号。
tac：反向查看文件。适合查看文件最新内容。
查看大文件的命令：head，tail
tail：常使用-f命令用来监控实时日志。
head: 默认显示前10行，可以使用-n numb 指定查看行数内容。

分页查看命令：less ， more

less：支持上下翻页，搜索，跳转。跟vim工具的命令快捷键类似。
实际中也会用less +N filename 跳转到文件的第N行。
more：只能简单翻页向下查看。在Max OS等一些发行版上more是less的马甲，所以你也可以用less的相关命令参数和快捷键。

搜索文件与分析问题：grep

常见的搜索命令 ：grep
grep：模式匹配grep "patter" filename
常用选项：-i，-v，-n ，-r ，-c，-E
被误判成二进制文件的时，使用 -a 可把文件当成文本文件。

文本处理和分析工具：AWK

它可以称作是一门语言了(见如下列子)。
列处理能力：
//打印第一第三列
awk '{print $1, $3}' filename
条件筛选：
//第3列大于100的行
awk '$3 > 100' filename
数据统计：
//求和
awk '{sum += $1} END {print sum}' numbers.txt  
awk的基础需要掌握：
命令格式：awk [选项] '模式 {动作}' 文件名
模式：决定处理哪些行
可以正则模式，关系表达式，组合模式
动作：决定对比配的行做什么
可以打印字段，数值计算，字符串处理，变量赋值，流程控制
核心内置变量：
作为初阶选手，掌握了这些命令，基本能处理日常的大部分工作了。
本文来自网友投稿或网络内容，如有侵犯您的权益请联系我们删除，联系邮箱：wyl860211@qq.com 。

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  1. 请求信息 : 2026-04-21 10:15:25 HTTP/2.0 GET : https://f.mffb.com.cn/a/484369.html
  2. 运行时间 : 0.101592s [ 吞吐率：9.84req/s ] 内存消耗：4,561.63kb 文件加载：140
  3. 缓存信息 : 0 reads,0 writes
  4. 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=161ccd5e95fb845b4db1a68eeac8ad03
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  138. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/runtime/temp/067d451b9a0c665040f3f1bdd3293d68.php ( 11.98 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000484s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000754s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000314s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000248s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000471s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000193s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000581s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 484369 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000403s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776737725 WHERE `id` = 484369 [ RunTime:0.009064s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000259s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484369 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000506s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 484369 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000365s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484369 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000773s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484369 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000759s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 484369 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001147s ]
0.103195s