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math内置库(续)|Python自学成才(番外篇12)

  • 2026-09-04 15:38:40
math内置库(续)|Python自学成才(番外篇12)

Python自学成才(番外篇12)|math内置库(续)

上一篇讲了 math 库,但是由于篇幅原因,还有很多内容没有讲完,我们再整篇续集,完成未了的使命!

常用计算函数(续)

取整操作 floor(), ceil()

有时候我们会需要使用取整操作,例如计算用几个瓶子装水时的向上取整、一年大概多少星期的向下取整:

import mathx = 3.14print(math.ceil(x))# Output: 4print(math.floor(x))# Output: 3

取整 / 截断小数 trunc()

某些情况下,我们只要一个数字的整数部分,就可以使用 trunc() 来将小数部分丢弃:

import mathprint(math.trunc(5.999))# Output: 5

然而,这个函数个人觉得比较鸡肋,因为有很多替代方法

  • 向下取整操作 floor()
  • 类型转换操作 int():将一个数字转换为整数时,系统会强制抛弃后面的小数
import mathprint(math.floor(5.999))# Output: 5print(int(5.999))# Output: 5

保留小数位数操作 round()

round() 函数其实不算是 math 的库函数,只是这里在讲数学,且保留位数很常用,因此废话一嘴。

round(小数, 位数) 用于将小数按照传入的位数要求,四舍五入为目标位数结果:

print(round(3.14159262))# Output: 3.14print(round(3.14159264))# Output: 3.1416

数学运算

对数运算

我们常见的对数运算有 ,在 math 中也定义了这些对数计算:

  • log(x):自然对数,即 
  • log(a, b):以 b 为底数的 a 的对数,即 ,省了用换底公式的麻烦
  • log10(x)
  • log2(x)
import mathprint(math.log(math.e))# Output: 1.0print(math.log(366))# Output: 2.0print(math.log10(100))# Output: 2.0print(math.log2(16))# Output: 4.0

阶乘运算

阶乘是一种数量级快速增长的计算:

注意,阶乘只能是非负整数,且定义了 

import mathprint(math.factorial(5))# Output: 120print(math.factorial(0))# Output: 1

整数与小数分离

modf() 能将数字的整数和小数分开,并以元组形式返回,但这同样也比较鸡肋,因为有多种方法可以实现同样操作:

import mathprint(math.modf(3.14))# Output: (0.14000000000000012, 3.0)print(3.14 - int(3.14), int(3.14))# Output: 0.14000000000000012 3

💡 注意:不知道大家有没有发现,本来是 0.14,却得到了 0.1400..12,这其实跟计算机存储小数的方式有关系,我们后续单独开篇章来讲。

三角函数

角度与弧度的转换

三角函数中,最需要注意的就是角度与弧度问题。它们是从不同层面对一个角的大小进行的定义,设  为角度, 为弧度,其转换公式为:

例如 

math 则内置定义了转换函数:

import math# 角度转弧度print(math.radians(180))# Output: 3.141592653589793# 弧度转角度print(math.degrees(math.pi))# Output: 180.0

常见三角函数

正余弦、正与切我就不多说了,不知道的去问问自己的数学老师!

import mathrad = math.radians(30)print(math.sin(rad))print(math.cos(rad))print(math.tan(rad))

往期回顾:

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  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000537s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000398s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000203s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000428s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 512424 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1788566885 WHERE `id` = 512424 [ RunTime:0.002852s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000309s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 512424 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000294s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 512424 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000231s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 512424 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000462s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 512424 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000407s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 512424 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000685s ]
0.067976s