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ARM Linux内核编译生成文件的各种格式

  • 2026-03-27 07:49:59
ARM Linux内核编译生成文件的各种格式
Linux的内核有多种存在形式，文件名一定程度上能够指明内核的格式，不过有时也不准，需要用file命令进一步确认。这里以ARM平台介绍各种格式的内核。

vmlinux

原始elf格式内核

32位

64位

它包含了内核的所有代码、数据以及调试符号表，体积非常庞大（通常几十到上百MB）。因为它包含了大量调试信息，所以主要用于内核调试（如使用GDB），不能直接用于启动系统。

Image

将 vmlinux 中的符号表、调试信息和注释剥离后，生成的纯二进制镜像文件，体积缩小很多，是可以直接烧录到存储设备中运行的内核，但此时文件仍未压缩。

32位

64位

32位是纯数据文件，没有特别的头，而64位在编译成vmlinux时text段最开始有一个固定的、64字节的头部，file可以通过这个头部识别到文件的类型。

zImage

压缩并可以自解压的内核，文件头部是一小段解压程序，后面紧跟着压缩后的内核数据。启动时，这段头部代码会先运行，将自身解压到内存中，然后再跳转到真正的内核入口。通常用于32位ARM平台。

uImage

U-Boot 打包的 zImage，在已有的 zImage 文件最前面加上一个64字节的专用头部（U-Boot Header） 。
可以对比uImage和zImage的前面一些字节，红色框内就是uboot添加的内容

bootpImage

zImage+initrd的镜像，initrd中包含一个最小的根文件系统。

xipImage

XIP表示eXecute-In-Place，就地执行，直接在非易失性存储（如 NOR Flash）上运行的内核镜像。
下面这些镜像都是基于64位的Image压缩而来

Image.gz

gzip压缩

Image.lz4

LZ4压缩

Image.bz2

bzip2压缩

Image.lzma

lzma压缩

Image.lzo

lzop压缩

以上是官方内核能够生成的镜像，对于有些平台和产品会对内核做进一步处理，比如将设备树文件和内核合并成一个文件，也会给内核重命名，后缀可能是bin、img等等，到底是什么格式最好用file命令确定。
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  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/runtime/temp/067d451b9a0c665040f3f1bdd3293d68.php ( 11.98 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000537s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000751s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000376s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000266s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000430s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000209s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000528s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 481758 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000389s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774576881 WHERE `id` = 481758 [ RunTime:0.010505s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000286s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 481758 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000503s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 481758 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000383s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 481758 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000924s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 481758 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000764s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 481758 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
0.088749s