基于python的复合饼图绘制教程:主饼图 + 子类环图

# 准备数据标签

main_labels = list(main_data.keys())

main_sizes = list(main_data.values())

sub_labels = list(sub_data.keys())

sub_sizes = list(sub_data.values())

# 颜色映射

all_labels = main_labels + sub_labels

colors_palette = [

"#b86b8f", "#e8a8b8", "#e0c4af", "#dcdc9e", "#b3e2b3",

"#bce8dd", "#87b8e6", "#8a8cd1", "#728aac", "#bb7fdb"

]

color_map = dict(zip(sorted(all_labels), itertools.cycle(colors_palette)))

main_colors = [color_map[l] for l in main_labels]

sub_colors = [color_map[l] for l in sub_labels]

# 计算 explode（突出目标大类）

try:

    gp_idx = main_labels.index(target_category)

    explode = [0.15if i == gp_idx else0for i inrange(len(main_labels))]

except ValueError:

    gp_idx = 0

    explode = [0] * len(main_labels)

# 绘图字体与样式设置

plt.rcParams['pdf.fonttype'] = 42

plt.rcParams['ps.fonttype'] = 42

plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Times New Roman'

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 7))

# 绘制主饼图

patches, texts, autotexts = ax.pie(

    main_sizes, labels=main_labels, autopct='%1.1f%%',

    textprops={'fontsize': 8}, startangle=10, explode=explode,

    colors=main_colors, counterclock=False, pctdistance=0.75,

    wedgeprops={'edgecolor': 'white', 'linewidth': 1.5, 'alpha': 1}

)

# 获取被突出扇形的参数（关键：圆心跟着扇形移动）

gp_patch = patches[gp_idx]

theta1, theta2 = gp_patch.theta1, gp_patch.theta2

center = gp_patch.center          # ← 移动后的圆心

radius = gp_patch.r

# 绘制子类环图（围绕同一个移动后的圆心）

current_theta = theta1

total_sub = sum(sub_sizes)

for size, color, label inzip(sub_sizes, sub_colors, sub_labels):

    angle_width = (size / total_sub) * (theta2 - theta1)

    wedge = Wedge(

        center, radius + 0.35, current_theta, current_theta + angle_width,

        width=0.25, facecolor=color, edgecolor='white', linewidth=0.8, alpha=1

    )

    ax.add_patch(wedge) 

# 显示标签（坐标也基于移动后的圆心）

if size > total_sub * 0.02:

        mid_angle = current_theta + angle_width / 2

        x = center[0] + (radius + 0.45) * np.cos(np.deg2rad(mid_angle))

        y = center[1] + (radius + 0.45) * np.sin(np.deg2rad(mid_angle))

        sub_pct = size / total_sub * 100

        ax.text(x, y, f"{label}\n{sub_pct:.1f}%", ha='center', va='center', fontsize=7)

    current_theta += angle_width

# 修饰

total_n = sum(main_sizes)

ax.set_title(f"{title} (n={total_n})", fontsize=16,fontweight='bold')

ax.axis('equal')

# 图例

handles = patches + [Wedge((0,0), 0, 0, 0, facecolor=c) for c in sub_colors]

labels = main_labels + sub_labels

ax.legend(handles, labels, loc="center left", bbox_to_anchor=(1.25, 0.5), frameon=False)

plt.tight_layout()

plt.savefig(f"Pieplot-Class.pdf", bbox_inches='tight', pad_inches=0.1)

plt.show()