在读技术博客的过程中,我们会发现那些能够把知识、成果讲透的博主很多都会做动态图表。他们的图是怎么做的?难度大吗?这篇文章就介绍了 Python 中一种简单的动态图表制作方法。


import matplotlib.animation as anianimator = ani.FuncAnimation(fig, chartfunc, interval = 100)fig 是用来 「绘制图表」的 figure 对象;
chartfunc 是一个以数字为输入的函数,其含义为时间序列上的时间;
interval 这个更好理解,是帧之间的间隔延迟,以毫秒为单位,默认值为 200。
import matplotlib.animation as aniimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as npimport pandas as pdurl = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv'df = pd.read_csv(url, delimiter=',', header='infer')df_interest = df.loc[ df['Country/Region'].isin(['United Kingdom', 'US', 'Italy', 'Germany']) & df['Province/State'].isna()]df_interest.rename( index=lambda x: df_interest.at[x, 'Country/Region'], inplace=True)df1 = df_interest.transpose()df1 = df1.drop(['Province/State', 'Country/Region', 'Lat', 'Long'])df1 = df1.loc[(df1 != 0).any(1)]df1.index = pd.to_datetime(df1.index)
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltcolor = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange']fig = plt.figure()plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha="right", rotation_mode="anchor") #rotate the x-axis valuesplt.subplots_adjust(bottom = 0.2, top = 0.9) #ensuring the dates (on the x-axis) fit in the screenplt.ylabel('No of Deaths')plt.xlabel('Dates')defbuildmebarchart(i=int): plt.legend(df1.columns) p = plt.plot(df1[:i].index, df1[:i].values) #note it only returns the dataset, up to the point ifor i in range(0,4): p[i].set_color(color[i]) #set the colour of each curveimport matplotlib.animation as anianimator = ani.FuncAnimation(fig, buildmebarchart, interval = 100)plt.show()
import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfig,ax = plt.subplots()explode=[0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01] #pop out each slice from the piedef getmepie(i):defabsolute_value(val):#turn % back to a number a = np.round(val/100.*df1.head(i).max().sum(), 0)return int(a) ax.clear() plot = df1.head(i).max().plot.pie(y=df1.columns,autopct=absolute_value, label='',explode = explode, shadow = True) plot.set_title('Total Number of Deaths\n' + str(df1.index[min( i, len(df1.index)-1 )].strftime('%y-%m-%d')), fontsize=12)import matplotlib.animation as anianimator = ani.FuncAnimation(fig, getmepie, interval = 200)plt.show()df1.head(i).max()
fig = plt.figure()bar = ''def buildmebarchart(i=int): iv = min(i, len(df1.index)-1) #the loop iterates an extra one time, which causes the dataframes to go out of bounds. This was the easiest (most lazy) way to solve this :) objects = df1.max().index y_pos = np.arange(len(objects)) performance = df1.iloc[[iv]].values.tolist()[0]if bar == 'vertical': plt.bar(y_pos, performance, align='center', color=['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange']) plt.xticks(y_pos, objects) plt.ylabel('Deaths') plt.xlabel('Countries') plt.title('Deaths per Country \n' + str(df1.index[iv].strftime('%y-%m-%d')))else: plt.barh(y_pos, performance, align='center', color=['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange']) plt.yticks(y_pos, objects) plt.xlabel('Deaths') plt.ylabel('Countries')animator = ani.FuncAnimation(fig, buildmebarchart, interval=100)plt.show()animator.save(r'C:\temp\myfirstAnimation.gif')
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