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Linux系统之变量

  • 2026-01-23 05:55:22
Linux系统之变量
Linux系统中，变量用于在shell脚本中临时存储信息，以便在脚本中使用其他数据处理信息。
01
系统环境变量
shell中维护着一组用于记录特定的系统信息的环境变量，比如系统名称、已登录系统的用户名、系统中用户ID、用户的默认主目录以及shell查找程序的搜索路径。
通过set命令显示当前系统的环境变量列表：
引用环境变量
使用方法：在环境变量名前加上$以引用这些环境变量
注：上述命令中第二个UID作为环境变量被引用，用于输出当前登录用户的UID（root用户的UID为0），若需要将$作为要现实的字符，需在其前加\——即转义字符，否则会被当作引用变量的值。
02
用户自定义变量
变量定义
shell脚本中可定义和使用自己的变量——即用户自定义变量，用于在脚本中临时存储并使用数据，定义要素如下：
  • a.其名称由不超过20个字符长度的任何字母、数字或下划线组成的字符串构成，即变量名称区分大小写；
  • b.使用等号为变量赋值，且变量名称、等号、值之间不能出现空格；
  • c.shell脚本中定义的变量的生命周期随脚本结束时被删除。
用户自定义变量引用
引用用户自定义变量同样使用$，且可多次引用，每次引用时都会输出该变量的当前值
03
命令替换
shell脚本中命令替换可实现从命令输出中提取信息并将其赋值给变量，赋值后的变量可在脚本中任意使用，实现命令替换的方法有2种：
  • a. $( )格式
  • b. 反引号 （ ` ）
$(date)和 `date` 会执行替换命令，将其赋值给currentdate变量，并通过echo输出显示。
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  138. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/runtime/temp/067d451b9a0c665040f3f1bdd3293d68.php ( 11.98 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001065s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001632s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.001503s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.005301s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001457s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.002224s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001540s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 466833 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003526s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770518638 WHERE `id` = 466833 [ RunTime:0.011417s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002059s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 466833 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.018295s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 466833 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.022453s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 466833 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.064982s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 466833 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.025601s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 466833 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.021462s ]
0.373379s