GPIO 子系统
linux将GPIO的控制抽象成了GPIO子系统。 GPIO子系统支持把引脚用于基本的输入输出功能,其中输入功能还支持中断检测。 GPIO子系统同样是通过sysfs文件系统控制。
查看sysfs下的GPIO子系统内容:
ls /sys/class/gpio/export gpiochip128 gpiochip504 gpiochip96gpiochip0 gpiochip32 gpiochip64 unexport
GPIO子系统操作
- 导出GPIOx,操作export文件写入到控制的GPIOx,如果GPIO已经被别的驱动使用就会导出失败。导出GPIOx后就会在/sys/class/gpio/目录下出现gpiox的目录,x为GPIO编号。
- 向文件unexport文件写入GPIO编号的字符串取消导入GPIO,gpiox目录消失
gpio19下的属性文件:
ls /sys/class/gpio/gpio19/active_low device direction edge power subsystem uevent value
主要关注的文件:
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| 设置为输入时读取该文件获取GPIO状态,设置为输出时写入”1“或”0“输出高低电平 |
direction取值:
edge 取值:
active_low取值:控制极性,默认情况下为 0
active_low对于输入模式同样使用。
value取值:
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| 输出,表示设置GPIO低电平;输入,表示读取到低电平 |
| 输出,表示设置GPIO高电平;输入,表示读取到高电平 |
GPIO操作
gpio.h:
/* * @brief : * @date : 2021-11-xx * @version : v1.0.0 * @copyright(c) 2020 : OptoMedic company Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved * @Change Logs: * @date author notes: */#ifndef __GPIO_H__#define __GPIO_H__#include"stdint.h"enum { GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT = 0, GPIO_DIR_INPUT,};typedefuint8_tgpio_dir_t;enum { ACTIVE_LOW = 0, ACTIVE_HIGH = 1,};typedefuint8_tactive_level_t;/* irq */enum { EDGE_NONE = 0, EDGE_RISING, EDGE_FALLING, EDGE_BOTH,};typedefuint8_tedge_t; int gpio_export(int gpio);int gpio_unexport(int gpio);int gpio_set_active(int gpio, active_level_t active);int gpio_active_low(int gpio);int gpio_active_high(int gpio);int gpio_set_edge(int gpio, edge_t edge);int gpio_edge_none(int gpio);int gpio_edge_rising(int gpio);int gpio_edge_falling(int gpio);int gpio_edge_both(int gpio);int gpio_set_direction(int gpio, gpio_dir_t dir);int gpio_direction_input(int gpio);int gpio_direction_output(int gpio);void gpio_set_value(int gpio, int value);int gpio_get_value(int gpio);#endif/* __GPIO_H__ */
gpio.c:
#include"gpio.h"#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#include<sys/types.h>#include<sys/stat.h>#include<fcntl.h>#include<unistd.h>#include<string.h>/* gpio 编号计算 index = GPIOn_IOx = (n-1)*32 + x 例如蜂鸣器使用的引脚编号为:index = GPIO1_19 = (1-1)*32 +19 = 19。 又例如GPIO4_IO20的编号为:index = GPIO4_IO20 = (4-1)*32+20=116。*/int gpio_export(int gpio){int fd;char gpio_path[100] = {0};/* GPIO目录路径 */sprintf(gpio_path, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d", gpio); /* 判断GPIO目录是否存在 */if (access(gpio_path, F_OK) == 0) return0; if (0 > (fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/export", O_WRONLY))) { perror("open error"); return-1; } /* 导出 gpio */char gpio_str[10] = {0};sprintf(gpio_str, "%d", gpio);int len = strlen(gpio_str);if (len != write(fd, gpio_str, len)) { perror("write error"); return-2; } return0;}int gpio_unexport(int gpio){int fd; fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/unexport", O_WRONLY);if(fd < 0)return-1;char gpio_str[10] = {0};sprintf(gpio_str, "%d", gpio); write(fd, gpio_str, strlen(gpio_str)); close(fd);return0;}static int gpio_cfg_attr(int gpio, char *attr, char *val){int fd;char path[100] = {0};sprintf(path, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/%s", gpio, attr);if (0 > (fd = open(path, O_WRONLY))) { perror("open error"); return-1; } int len = strlen(val); if (len != write(fd, val, len)) { perror("write error"); close(fd); return-2; } close(fd); return0; }int gpio_set_direction(int gpio, gpio_dir_t dir){char dirs[10] = {0};if (dir == GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT) {sprintf(dirs, "%s", "out"); }else {sprintf(dirs, "%s", "in"); }return gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "direction", dirs);}int gpio_direction_output(int gpio){return gpio_set_direction(gpio, GPIO_DIR_OUTPUT);}int gpio_direction_input(int gpio){return gpio_set_direction(gpio, GPIO_DIR_INPUT); }int gpio_set_active(int gpio, active_level_t active){char active_str[10] = {0};if (active == ACTIVE_LOW) { gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "active_low", "0"); }else { gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "active_low", "1"); }}int gpio_active_low(int gpio){return gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "active_low", "0");}int gpio_active_high(int gpio){return gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "active_low", "1");}int gpio_set_edge(int gpio, edge_t edge){int ret;edge_t edge_index[4] = {EDGE_NONE, EDGE_RISING, EDGE_FALLING, EDGE_BOTH};char str_edge_index[4][10] = {{"none"}, {"rising"}, {"falling"}, {"both"}};for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {if (edge == edge_index[i]) { ret = gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "edge", str_edge_index[i]);break; } }return ret;}int gpio_edge_none(int gpio){return gpio_set_edge(gpio, EDGE_NONE);}int gpio_edge_rising(int gpio){return gpio_set_edge(gpio, EDGE_RISING);}int gpio_edge_falling(int gpio){return gpio_set_edge(gpio, EDGE_FALLING);}int gpio_edge_both(int gpio){return gpio_set_edge(gpio, EDGE_BOTH);}void gpio_set_value(int gpio, int value){char val[10] = {0};if (value == 0) {sprintf(val, "%d", 0); }else {sprintf(val, "%d", 1); } gpio_cfg_attr(gpio, "value", val);}int gpio_get_value(int gpio){char gpio_path[100] = {0};char vals[5] = {0};int fd;sprintf(gpio_path, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", gpio);if (0 > (fd = open(gpio_path, O_WRONLY))) { perror("open error"); return-1; } if (0 > read(fd, vals, sizeof(vals))) { perror("read error"); close(fd); return-1; } int value = atoi(vals);return value;}
使用控制GPIO蜂鸣器
GPIO编号的计算:
index = GPIOn_IOx = (n-1)*32 + x例如蜂鸣器使用的引脚编号为:index = GPIO1_19 = (1-1)*32 +19 = 19。又例如GPIO4_IO20的编号为:index = GPIO4_IO20 = (4-1)*32+20=116。
beep.h:
#ifndef __BEEP_H__#define __BEEP_H__intbeep_init(void);intbeep_on(void);intbeep_off(void);intbeep_deinit(void);#endif/* __BEEP_H__ */
beep.c:
#include"gpio.h"#include"beep.h"#define BEEP_GPIO_INDEX 19intbeep_init(void){int ret; ret = gpio_export(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX); ret = gpio_direction_output(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX);return ret;}intbeep_on(void){ gpio_set_value(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX, 1);return0;}intbeep_off(void){ gpio_set_value(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX, 0);return0;}intbeep_deinit(void){ gpio_set_value(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX, 0);return gpio_unexport(BEEP_GPIO_INDEX);}
#include"stdio.h"#include<sys/types.h>#include<sys/stat.h>#include<fcntl.h>#include<unistd.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>#include<sys/ioctl.h>#include<poll.h>#include<stdint.h>#include<sys/select.h>#include"beep.h"voidsleep_ms(unsignedint ms){structtimevaldelay; delay.tv_sec = 0; delay.tv_usec = ms * 1000; select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &delay);}intmain(int argc, char **argv){ beep_init();int cnt = 0;while (1) { beep_on(); sleep_ms(500); beep_off(); sleep_ms(500);if (++cnt >= 40)break; } beep_deinit();return0;}
中断
对于使用中断可以使用poll多路复用IO监测中断是否触发,poll事件有POLLIN、POLLOUT、POLLERR、POLLPRI 等,其中 POLLIN 和 POLLOUT 表示普通优先级数据可读、可写。中断就是一种高优先级事件,需要使用 POLLPRI ,当中断触发时表示有高优先级数据可被读取。 此外还可以使用信号方式监测GPIO是否触发中断。
代码:https://gitee.com/guangjieMVP/gj_linux_app