用Python做科研级画图——哑铃图

import osimport numpy as npimport matplotlib as mplimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import font_manager as fmfrom matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator, FormatStrFormatter# == 字体设置 ==win_fonts = r"C:\Windows\Fonts"for p in [          os.path.join(win_fonts, "times.ttf"),         os.path.join(win_fonts, "timesbd.ttf"),          os.path.join(win_fonts, "timesi.ttf"),          os.path.join(win_fonts, "simsun.ttc"),]:      if os.path.exists(p):                    try:                             fm.fontManager.addfont(p)                    except Exception:                            passmpl.rcParams["font.family"] = ["Times New Roman", "SimSun"]mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = FalseOUT_DIR = r"D:\py_figs "os.makedirs(OUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)# == 示例数据 ==labels = [        "Model A / 模型A",         "Model B / 模型B",         "Model C / 模型C",         "Model D / 模型D",       "Model E / 模型E"]before = np.array([0.78, 0.82, 0.75, 0.80, 0.77])after  = np.array([0.86, 0.88, 0.83, 0.85, 0.84])# == 按差值排序 ==diff = after - beforeorder = np.argsort(diff)[::-1]labels_s = [labels[i] for i in order]before_s = before[order]after_s  = after[order]fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7.2, 4.2))y = np.arange(len(labels_s))# 连接线for yi, b, a in zip(y, before_s, after_s):    ax.plot([b, a], [yi, yi], linewidth=1.5)# 两端点ax.scatter(before_s, y, s=70, label="Before / 优化前")ax.scatter(after_s,  y, s=70, label="After / 优化后")ax.set_yticks(y)ax.set_yticklabels(labels_s, fontsize=11)ax.set_xlabel("Accuracy / 准确率", fontsize=12)ax.set_title("Dumbbell Plot：两组差异一眼看清", fontsize=14)ax.invert_yaxis()ax.set_xlim(left=0.7)ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(nbins=6))ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter("%.2f"))ax.legend(frameon=False)out_path = os.path.join(OUT_DIR, "dumbbell_plot_basic.jpg")fig.savefig(out_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0.05)plt.close(fig)print("Saved:", out_path)