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新手学网络安全先掌握 Linux firewall-cmd 15 个常用命令(状态 / 端口 / 服务 / 区域配置全解)

  • 2026-07-02 16:35:56
新手学网络安全先掌握 Linux firewall-cmd 15 个常用命令(状态 / 端口 / 服务 / 区域配置全解)
做 Linux 运维和网安的朋友，很多人一定会碰到防火墙配置问题：
  • 明明开了端口，业务还是访问不通。
  • 改完规则一重启就失效。
  • 生产环境不敢随便重载配置，怕影响线上业务。
其实只要掌握firewall-cmd「先查状态，再改规则，最后保存重载」的标准操作逻辑流程，就可以解决百分之九十九的问题。本篇内容就把 firewall-cmd 最核心的15个常用命令，按实际运维场景拆解，从状态检查、端口放行、服务管理，到区域配置、规则生效，一套完整入门流程讲透，帮你避开配置踩坑，让防火墙规则能真正生效。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000627s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000829s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000335s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000354s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000500s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000192s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000588s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 495048 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000442s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1783047283 WHERE `id` = 495048 [ RunTime:0.018963s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000369s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495048 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000588s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 495048 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000379s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495048 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.006110s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495048 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 495048 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.001403s ]
0.102018s