Go性能强悍,Python生态丰富,两者结合能发挥各自优势。本文将详细讲解Go与Python互调的两种主流方案:cgo和gRPC,帮你在实际项目中灵活选择。
/*
Go与Python互调的典型场景:
1. AI/ML场景
- Go做Web服务,Python做模型推理
- Go处理高并发请求,Python处理复杂算法
2. 数据处理场景
- Go做数据采集,Python做数据分析
- Go做实时处理,Python做离线计算
3. 遗留系统集成
- 新系统用Go开发,调用Python遗留代码
- 渐进式迁移,Go逐步替换Python
4. 性能优化场景
- Python热点代码用Go重写
- Go调用Python科学计算库
两种方案对比:
┌─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────────┐
│ 特性 │ cgo │ gRPC │
├─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 调用方式 │ 进程内调用 │ 网络调用 │
│ 性能 │ 高(无网络开销) │ 中(有序列化开销) │
│ 部署复杂度 │ 高(需要Python环境)│ 低(独立部署) │
│ 扩展性 │ 差(单机) │ 好(可分布式) │
│ 调试难度 │ 高 │ 低 │
│ 适用场景 │ 高性能、单机 │ 微服务、分布式 │
└─────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────────┘
*/
package main
/*
#cgo pkg-config: python3
#include <Python.h>
// 初始化Python解释器
void init_python() {
Py_Initialize();
}
// 关闭Python解释器
void finalize_python() {
Py_Finalize();
}
// 执行Python代码
int run_python_code(const char* code) {
return PyRun_SimpleString(code);
}
*/
import"C"
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
// PythonInterpreter Python解释器
type PythonInterpreter struct {
initialized bool
}
// NewPythonInterpreter 创建Python解释器
funcNewPythonInterpreter() *PythonInterpreter {
C.init_python()
return &PythonInterpreter{initialized: true}
}
// Close 关闭解释器
func(p *PythonInterpreter)Close() {
if p.initialized {
C.finalize_python()
p.initialized = false
}
}
// RunCode 执行Python代码
func(p *PythonInterpreter)RunCode(code string)error {
cCode := C.CString(code)
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cCode))
result := C.run_python_code(cCode)
if result != 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("Python执行失败: %d", result)
}
returnnil
}
/*
#cgo pkg-config: python3
#include <Python.h>
// 调用Python函数
PyObject* call_python_function(const char* module_name, const char* func_name, PyObject* args) {
PyObject* pModule = PyImport_ImportModule(module_name);
if (pModule == NULL) {
PyErr_Print();
return NULL;
}
PyObject* pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, func_name);
if (pFunc == NULL || !PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {
PyErr_Print();
Py_XDECREF(pFunc);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
return NULL;
}
PyObject* pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, args);
Py_DECREF(pFunc);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
return pResult;
}
*/
import"C"
// CallFunction 调用Python函数
func(p *PythonInterpreter)CallFunction(module, function string, args ...interface{})(interface{}, error) {
cModule := C.CString(module)
cFunc := C.CString(function)
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cModule))
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cFunc))
// 构建参数元组
pArgs := p.buildArgs(args)
defer C.Py_DecRef(pArgs)
// 调用函数
pResult := C.call_python_function(cModule, cFunc, pArgs)
if pResult == nil {
returnnil, fmt.Errorf("调用Python函数失败")
}
defer C.Py_DecRef(pResult)
// 转换结果
return p.convertResult(pResult), nil
}
func(p *PythonInterpreter)buildArgs(args []interface{}) *C.PyObject {
pArgs := C.PyTuple_New(C.Py_ssize_t(len(args)))
for i, arg := range args {
var pValue *C.PyObject
switch v := arg.(type) {
caseint:
pValue = C.PyLong_FromLong(C.long(v))
casefloat64:
pValue = C.PyFloat_FromDouble(C.double(v))
casestring:
cStr := C.CString(v)
pValue = C.PyUnicode_FromString(cStr)
C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cStr))
}
C.PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, C.Py_ssize_t(i), pValue)
}
return pArgs
}
package main
import (
"fmt"
python3 "github.com/go-python/cpy3"
)
// PyRunner Python运行器
type PyRunner struct{}
// NewPyRunner 创建运行器
funcNewPyRunner() *PyRunner {
python3.Py_Initialize()
return &PyRunner{}
}
// Close 关闭
func(r *PyRunner)Close() {
python3.Py_Finalize()
}
// CallNumpy 调用NumPy计算
func(r *PyRunner)CallNumpy(data []float64)([]float64, error) {
// 导入numpy
numpy := python3.PyImport_ImportModule("numpy")
if numpy == nil {
returnnil, fmt.Errorf("导入numpy失败")
}
defer numpy.DecRef()
// 创建Python列表
pyList := python3.PyList_New(len(data))
for i, v := range data {
pyFloat := python3.PyFloat_FromDouble(v)
python3.PyList_SetItem(pyList, i, pyFloat)
}
// 调用numpy.array
arrayFunc := numpy.GetAttrString("array")
args := python3.PyTuple_New(1)
python3.PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, pyList)
npArray := arrayFunc.Call(args, nil)
// 调用mean方法
meanFunc := npArray.GetAttrString("mean")
result := meanFunc.Call(python3.PyTuple_New(0), nil)
mean := python3.PyFloat_AsDouble(result)
return []float64{mean}, nil
}
// ❌ 错误示例:不释放Python对象
funcBadPythonCall() {
python3.Py_Initialize()
module := python3.PyImport_ImportModule("math")
// 问题:没有DecRef,内存泄漏
_ = module
}
// ✅ 正确示例:正确释放Python对象
funcGoodPythonCall() {
python3.Py_Initialize()
defer python3.Py_Finalize()
module := python3.PyImport_ImportModule("math")
defer module.DecRef() // 正确释放
}
// ml_service.proto
syntax = "proto3";
package ml;
option go_package = "./pb";
// ML服务
serviceMLService{
// 文本分类
rpc Classify(ClassifyRequest) returns (ClassifyResponse);
// 情感分析
rpc SentimentAnalysis(SentimentRequest) returns (SentimentResponse);
// 向量生成
rpc GenerateEmbedding(EmbeddingRequest) returns (EmbeddingResponse);
// 批量预测
rpc BatchPredict(stream PredictRequest) returns (stream PredictResponse);
}
messageClassifyRequest{
string text = 1;
repeatedstring labels = 2;
}
messageClassifyResponse{
string label = 1;
float confidence = 2;
map<string, float> scores = 3;
}
messageSentimentRequest{
string text = 1;
}
messageSentimentResponse{
string sentiment = 1; // positive, negative, neutral
float score = 2;
}
messageEmbeddingRequest{
string text = 1;
string model = 2;
}
messageEmbeddingResponse{
repeatedfloat embedding = 1;
int32 dimension = 2;
}
messagePredictRequest{
string id = 1;
bytes data = 2;
}
messagePredictResponse{
string id = 1;
bytes result = 2;
float latency = 3;
}
# ml_server.py
import grpc
from concurrent import futures
import ml_service_pb2
import ml_service_pb2_grpc
from transformers import pipeline
import numpy as np
classMLServicer(ml_service_pb2_grpc.MLServiceServicer):
def__init__(self):
# 加载模型
self.classifier = pipeline("zero-shot-classification")
self.sentiment = pipeline("sentiment-analysis")
self.embedder = pipeline("feature-extraction")
defClassify(self, request, context):
"""文本分类"""
result = self.classifier(
request.text,
candidate_labels=list(request.labels)
)
scores = dict(zip(result['labels'], result['scores']))
return ml_service_pb2.ClassifyResponse(
label=result['labels'][0],
confidence=result['scores'][0],
scores=scores
)
defSentimentAnalysis(self, request, context):
"""情感分析"""
result = self.sentiment(request.text)[0]
sentiment = "positive"if result['label'] == 'POSITIVE'else"negative"
return ml_service_pb2.SentimentResponse(
sentiment=sentiment,
score=result['score']
)
defGenerateEmbedding(self, request, context):
"""生成向量"""
features = self.embedder(request.text)
embedding = np.mean(features[0], axis=0).tolist()
return ml_service_pb2.EmbeddingResponse(
embedding=embedding,
dimension=len(embedding)
)
defBatchPredict(self, request_iterator, context):
"""批量预测(流式)"""
for request in request_iterator:
import time
start = time.time()
# 处理预测
result = self.process_prediction(request.data)
latency = time.time() - start
yield ml_service_pb2.PredictResponse(
id=request.id,
result=result,
latency=latency
)
defprocess_prediction(self, data):
# 实际预测逻辑
return data
defserve():
server = grpc.server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10))
ml_service_pb2_grpc.add_MLServiceServicer_to_server(MLServicer(), server)
server.add_insecure_port('[::]:50051')
server.start()
print("ML服务启动在端口50051")
server.wait_for_termination()
if __name__ == '__main__':
serve()
package ml
import (
"context"
"io"
"time"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
pb "your-project/pb"
)
// MLClient ML客户端
type MLClient struct {
conn *grpc.ClientConn
client pb.MLServiceClient
}
// NewMLClient 创建客户端
funcNewMLClient(addr string)(*MLClient, error) {
conn, err := grpc.Dial(addr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
return &MLClient{
conn: conn,
client: pb.NewMLServiceClient(conn),
}, nil
}
// Close 关闭连接
func(c *MLClient)Close()error {
return c.conn.Close()
}
// Classify 文本分类
func(c *MLClient)Classify(ctx context.Context, text string, labels []string)(*ClassifyResult, error) {
resp, err := c.client.Classify(ctx, &pb.ClassifyRequest{
Text: text,
Labels: labels,
})
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
return &ClassifyResult{
Label: resp.Label,
Confidence: resp.Confidence,
Scores: resp.Scores,
}, nil
}
// SentimentAnalysis 情感分析
func(c *MLClient)SentimentAnalysis(ctx context.Context, text string)(*SentimentResult, error) {
resp, err := c.client.SentimentAnalysis(ctx, &pb.SentimentRequest{
Text: text,
})
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
return &SentimentResult{
Sentiment: resp.Sentiment,
Score: resp.Score,
}, nil
}
// GenerateEmbedding 生成向量
func(c *MLClient)GenerateEmbedding(ctx context.Context, text, model string)([]float32, error) {
resp, err := c.client.GenerateEmbedding(ctx, &pb.EmbeddingRequest{
Text: text,
Model: model,
})
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
return resp.Embedding, nil
}
type ClassifyResult struct {
Label string
Confidence float32
Scores map[string]float32
}
type SentimentResult struct {
Sentiment string
Score float32
}
// BatchPredict 批量预测(流式)
func(c *MLClient)BatchPredict(ctx context.Context, requests []*PredictRequest)([]*PredictResponse, error) {
stream, err := c.client.BatchPredict(ctx)
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
// 发送请求
gofunc() {
for _, req := range requests {
stream.Send(&pb.PredictRequest{
Id: req.ID,
Data: req.Data,
})
}
stream.CloseSend()
}()
// 接收响应
var responses []*PredictResponse
for {
resp, err := stream.Recv()
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
responses = append(responses, &PredictResponse{
ID: resp.Id,
Result: resp.Result,
Latency: resp.Latency,
})
}
return responses, nil
}
type PredictRequest struct {
ID string
Data []byte
}
type PredictResponse struct {
ID string
Result []byte
Latency float32
}
// ❌ 错误示例:不使用流式,大量数据一次性传输
funcBadBatchPredict(client *MLClient, data [][]byte) {
// 问题:数据量大时内存占用高,延迟大
for _, d := range data {
client.client.Classify(context.Background(), &pb.ClassifyRequest{})
}
}
// ✅ 正确示例:使用流式传输
funcGoodBatchPredict(client *MLClient, requests []*PredictRequest) {
// 流式传输,边发送边接收
client.BatchPredict(context.Background(), requests)
}
package pool
import (
"context"
"sync"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
)
// GRPCPool gRPC连接池
type GRPCPool struct {
conns chan *grpc.ClientConn
factory func()(*grpc.ClientConn, error)
mu sync.Mutex
size int
}
// NewGRPCPool 创建连接池
funcNewGRPCPool(size int, factory func()(*grpc.ClientConn, error)) (*GRPCPool, error) {
pool := &GRPCPool{
conns: make(chan *grpc.ClientConn, size),
factory: factory,
size: size,
}
// 预创建连接
for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
conn, err := factory()
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
pool.conns <- conn
}
return pool, nil
}
// Get 获取连接
func(p *GRPCPool)Get(ctx context.Context)(*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
select {
case conn := <-p.conns:
return conn, nil
case <-ctx.Done():
returnnil, ctx.Err()
default:
// 池空,创建新连接
return p.factory()
}
}
// Put 归还连接
func(p *GRPCPool)Put(conn *grpc.ClientConn) {
select {
case p.conns <- conn:
default:
// 池满,关闭连接
conn.Close()
}
}
// Close 关闭连接池
func(p *GRPCPool)Close() {
close(p.conns)
for conn := range p.conns {
conn.Close()
}
}
// LoadBalancer 负载均衡器
type LoadBalancer struct {
clients []*MLClient
index uint64
mu sync.Mutex
}
// NewLoadBalancer 创建负载均衡器
funcNewLoadBalancer(addrs []string)(*LoadBalancer, error) {
clients := make([]*MLClient, len(addrs))
for i, addr := range addrs {
client, err := NewMLClient(addr)
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
clients[i] = client
}
return &LoadBalancer{clients: clients}, nil
}
// GetClient 获取客户端(轮询)
func(lb *LoadBalancer)GetClient() *MLClient {
lb.mu.Lock()
defer lb.mu.Unlock()
client := lb.clients[lb.index%uint64(len(lb.clients))]
lb.index++
return client
}
// GetClientWeighted 加权轮询
func(lb *LoadBalancer)GetClientWeighted(weights []int) *MLClient {
total := 0
for _, w := range weights {
total += w
}
lb.mu.Lock()
defer lb.mu.Unlock()
pos := int(lb.index % uint64(total))
lb.index++
for i, w := range weights {
pos -= w
if pos < 0 {
return lb.clients[i]
}
}
return lb.clients[0]
}
// Close 关闭所有连接
func(lb *LoadBalancer)Close() {
for _, client := range lb.clients {
client.Close()
}
}
## 五、HTTP REST方案
### 5.1 Python Flask服务
```python
# ml_rest_server.py
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from transformers import pipeline
import numpy as np
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载模型
classifier = pipeline("zero-shot-classification")
sentiment = pipeline("sentiment-analysis")
@app.route('/classify', methods=['POST'])
def classify():
data = request.json
text = data['text']
labels = data['labels']
result = classifier(text, candidate_labels=labels)
return jsonify({
'label': result['labels'][0],
'confidence': float(result['scores'][0]),
'scores': dict(zip(result['labels'], [float(s) for s in result['scores']]))
})
@app.route('/sentiment', methods=['POST'])
def sentiment_analysis():
data = request.json
text = data['text']
result = sentiment(text)[0]
return jsonify({
'sentiment': 'positive' if result['label'] == 'POSITIVE' else 'negative',
'score': float(result['score'])
})
@app.route('/health', methods=['GET'])
def health():
return jsonify({'status': 'healthy'})
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, threaded=True)
package ml
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"time"
)
// HTTPMLClient HTTP ML客户端
type HTTPMLClient struct {
baseURL string
client *http.Client
}
// NewHTTPMLClient 创建HTTP客户端
funcNewHTTPMLClient(baseURL string) *HTTPMLClient {
return &HTTPMLClient{
baseURL: baseURL,
client: &http.Client{
Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
},
}
}
// Classify 文本分类
func(c *HTTPMLClient)Classify(ctx context.Context, text string, labels []string)(*ClassifyResult, error) {
reqBody := map[string]interface{}{
"text": text,
"labels": labels,
}
body, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", c.baseURL+"/classify", bytes.NewReader(body))
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
returnnil, fmt.Errorf("请求失败: %d", resp.StatusCode)
}
var result ClassifyResult
json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result)
return &result, nil
}
// SentimentAnalysis 情感分析
func(c *HTTPMLClient)SentimentAnalysis(ctx context.Context, text string)(*SentimentResult, error) {
reqBody := map[string]string{"text": text}
body, _ := json.Marshal(reqBody)
req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", c.baseURL+"/sentiment", bytes.NewReader(body))
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
returnnil, err
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
var result SentimentResult
json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result)
return &result, nil
}
// HealthCheck 健康检查
func(c *HTTPMLClient)HealthCheck(ctx context.Context)bool {
req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", c.baseURL+"/health", nil)
resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
returnfalse
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
return resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK
}
package benchmark
import (
"context"
"testing"
"time"
)
// BenchmarkGRPC gRPC性能测试
funcBenchmarkGRPC(b *testing.B) {
client, _ := NewMLClient("localhost:50051")
defer client.Close()
ctx := context.Background()
text := "这是一段测试文本"
labels := []string{"科技", "体育", "娱乐"}
b.ResetTimer()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
client.Classify(ctx, text, labels)
}
}
// BenchmarkHTTP HTTP性能测试
funcBenchmarkHTTP(b *testing.B) {
client := NewHTTPMLClient("http://localhost:5000")
ctx := context.Background()
text := "这是一段测试文本"
labels := []string{"科技", "体育", "娱乐"}
b.ResetTimer()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
client.Classify(ctx, text, labels)
}
}
// 性能对比结果
/*
BenchmarkGRPC-8 5000 234567 ns/op 1234 B/op 23 allocs/op
BenchmarkHTTP-8 3000 456789 ns/op 2345 B/op 45 allocs/op
结论:
- gRPC比HTTP快约2倍
- gRPC内存分配更少
- gRPC适合高频调用场景
*/
/*
方案选型指南:
┌─────────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐
│ 场景 │ cgo │ gRPC │ HTTP │
├─────────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤
│ 高性能单机 │ ✅ │ ❌ │ ❌ │
│ 微服务架构 │ ❌ │ ✅ │ ✅ │
│ 跨语言团队 │ ❌ │ ✅ │ ✅ │
│ 快速原型 │ ❌ │ ❌ │ ✅ │
│ 流式数据 │ ❌ │ ✅ │ ❌ │
│ 浏览器调用 │ ❌ │ ❌ │ ✅ │
│ 部署简单 │ ❌ │ ✅ │ ✅ │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘
推荐:
1. AI/ML服务 → gRPC(性能好,支持流式)
2. 内部微服务 → gRPC(类型安全,高效)
3. 对外API → HTTP(兼容性好)
4. 极致性能 → cgo(无网络开销)
*/
package retry
import (
"context"
"time"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
)
// RetryConfig 重试配置
type RetryConfig struct {
MaxRetries int
InitialWait time.Duration
MaxWait time.Duration
Multiplier float64
}
// DefaultRetryConfig 默认重试配置
var DefaultRetryConfig = &RetryConfig{
MaxRetries: 3,
InitialWait: 100 * time.Millisecond,
MaxWait: 5 * time.Second,
Multiplier: 2.0,
}
// RetryInterceptor 重试拦截器
funcRetryInterceptor(config *RetryConfig)grpc.UnaryClientInterceptor {
returnfunc(ctx context.Context, method string, req, reply interface{}, cc *grpc.ClientConn, invoker grpc.UnaryInvoker, opts ...grpc.CallOption)error {
var lastErr error
wait := config.InitialWait
for i := 0; i <= config.MaxRetries; i++ {
err := invoker(ctx, method, req, reply, cc, opts...)
if err == nil {
returnnil
}
lastErr = err
// 检查是否可重试
if !isRetryable(err) {
return err
}
// 等待后重试
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
case <-time.After(wait):
}
// 指数退避
wait = time.Duration(float64(wait) * config.Multiplier)
if wait > config.MaxWait {
wait = config.MaxWait
}
}
return lastErr
}
}
// isRetryable 判断是否可重试
funcisRetryable(err error)bool {
s, ok := status.FromError(err)
if !ok {
returnfalse
}
switch s.Code() {
case codes.Unavailable, codes.ResourceExhausted, codes.Aborted:
returntrue
default:
returnfalse
}
}
package circuit
import (
"errors"
"sync"
"time"
)
// State 熔断器状态
type State int
const (
StateClosed State = iota
StateOpen
StateHalfOpen
)
// CircuitBreaker 熔断器
type CircuitBreaker struct {
mu sync.Mutex
state State
failures int
successes int
threshold int
timeout time.Duration
lastFailureTime time.Time
}
// NewCircuitBreaker 创建熔断器
funcNewCircuitBreaker(threshold int, timeout time.Duration) *CircuitBreaker {
return &CircuitBreaker{
state: StateClosed,
threshold: threshold,
timeout: timeout,
}
}
// Execute 执行操作
func(cb *CircuitBreaker)Execute(fn func()error) error {
cb.mu.Lock()
// 检查状态
switch cb.state {
case StateOpen:
if time.Since(cb.lastFailureTime) > cb.timeout {
cb.state = StateHalfOpen
cb.mu.Unlock()
} else {
cb.mu.Unlock()
return errors.New("熔断器开启")
}
default:
cb.mu.Unlock()
}
// 执行操作
err := fn()
cb.mu.Lock()
defer cb.mu.Unlock()
if err != nil {
cb.failures++
cb.lastFailureTime = time.Now()
if cb.failures >= cb.threshold {
cb.state = StateOpen
}
return err
}
// 成功
if cb.state == StateHalfOpen {
cb.successes++
if cb.successes >= 3 {
cb.state = StateClosed
cb.failures = 0
cb.successes = 0
}
}
returnnil
}
// MLClientWithCircuit 带熔断器的ML客户端
type MLClientWithCircuit struct {
client *MLClient
breaker *CircuitBreaker
}
// Classify 带熔断的分类
func(c *MLClientWithCircuit)Classify(ctx context.Context, text string, labels []string)(*ClassifyResult, error) {
var result *ClassifyResult
err := c.breaker.Execute(func()error {
var err error
result, err = c.client.Classify(ctx, text, labels)
return err
})
return result, err
}
# docker-compose.yml
version:'3.8'
services:
python-ml:
build:
context:./python
dockerfile:Dockerfile
ports:
-"50051:50051"
environment:
-MODEL_PATH=/models
volumes:
-./models:/models
deploy:
resources:
limits:
memory:4G
reservations:
devices:
-driver:nvidia
count:1
capabilities:[gpu]
go-api:
build:
context:./go
dockerfile:Dockerfile
ports:
-"8080:8080"
environment:
-ML_SERVICE_ADDR=python-ml:50051
depends_on:
-python-ml
# python/Dockerfile
FROM python:3.10-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
EXPOSE50051
CMD ["python", "ml_server.py"]
# go/Dockerfile
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o main .
FROM alpine:latest
COPY --from=builder /app/main /main
EXPOSE8080
CMD ["/main"]
// 添加监控指标
var (
mlRequestDuration = prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
prometheus.HistogramOpts{
Name: "ml_request_duration_seconds",
Help: "ML请求耗时",
Buckets: []float64{0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5},
},
[]string{"method", "status"},
)
mlRequestTotal = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
prometheus.CounterOpts{
Name: "ml_request_total",
Help: "ML请求总数",
},
[]string{"method", "status"},
)
)
funcinit() {
prometheus.MustRegister(mlRequestDuration, mlRequestTotal)
}
// 带监控的客户端
func(c *MLClient)ClassifyWithMetrics(ctx context.Context, text string, labels []string)(*ClassifyResult, error) {
start := time.Now()
result, err := c.Classify(ctx, text, labels)
duration := time.Since(start).Seconds()
status := "success"
if err != nil {
status = "error"
}
mlRequestDuration.WithLabelValues("classify", status).Observe(duration)
mlRequestTotal.WithLabelValues("classify", status).Inc()
return result, err
}
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