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图像识别 | 使用Python对医学Dicom文件的预处理(含代码)

  • 2026-01-20 19:18:40
图像识别 | 使用Python对医学Dicom文件的预处理(含代码)

1

前沿

在处理医学图像时,常常会遇到以Dicom格式保存的医学图像,如CT、MRI等。Dicom文件是需要专门的软件或者通过编程,应用相应的库进行处理。为了能够更好地服务下游任务,例如分割或检测腹腔CT图像中某个病灶组织,需要先将Dicom图像进行读取,脱敏,调窗等步骤,以便于后续的编辑。本文使用python对医学Dicom文件进行相应的处理,相比于封装好的软件,笔者认为自己动手的可操作性更强。

2

目录

1 导入相应的包

2 读取Dicom图像数据

3 设置CT图像的窗宽和窗位

4 获取Dicom图像的tag信息

5 结果保存及可视化

3

导入相应的包

# load necessary packagesimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport pydicom.uidimport sysfrom PyQt5 import QtGuiimport osimport pydicomimport globfrom PIL import *import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom pylab import *from tkinter.filedialog import *import PIL.Image as Image

其核心是使用了python中的pydicom库来处理dicom文件。

4

读取Dicom图像数据

have_numpy = Truetry:    import numpyexcept ImportError:    have_numpy = False    raisesys_is_little_endian = (sys.byteorder == 'little')NumpySupportedTransferSyntaxes = [    pydicom.uid.ExplicitVRLittleEndian,    pydicom.uid.ImplicitVRLittleEndian,    pydicom.uid.DeflatedExplicitVRLittleEndian,    pydicom.uid.ExplicitVRBigEndian,]# 支持"传输"语法def supports_transfer_syntax(dicom_dataset):    return (dicom_dataset.file_meta.TransferSyntaxUID in            NumpySupportedTransferSyntaxes)def needs_to_convert_to_RGB(dicom_dataset):    return Falsedef should_change_PhotometricInterpretation_to_RGB(dicom_dataset):    return False# 加载 Dicom图像def get_pixeldata(dicom_dataset):    """If NumPy is available, return an ndarray of the Pixel Data.    Raises    ------    TypeError        If there is no Pixel Data or not a supported data type.    ImportError        If NumPy isn't found    NotImplementedError        if the transfer syntax is not supported    AttributeError        if the decoded amount of data does not match the expected amount    Returns    -------    numpy.ndarray       The contents of the Pixel Data element (7FE0,0010) as an ndarray.    """    if (dicom_dataset.file_meta.TransferSyntaxUID not in            NumpySupportedTransferSyntaxes):        raise NotImplementedError("Pixel Data is compressed in a "                                  "format pydicom does not yet handle. "                                  "Cannot return array. Pydicom might "                                  "be able to convert the pixel data "                                  "using GDCM if it is installed.")    if not have_numpy:        msg = ("The Numpy package is required to use pixel_array, and "               "numpy could not be imported.")        raise ImportError(msg)    if 'PixelData' not in dicom_dataset:        raise TypeError("No pixel data found in this dataset.")    # Make NumPy format code, e.g. "uint16", "int32" etc    # from two pieces of info:    # dicom_dataset.PixelRepresentation -- 0 for unsigned, 1 for signed;    # dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated -- 8, 16, or 32    if dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated == 1:        # single bits are used for representation of binary data        format_str = 'uint8'    elif dicom_dataset.PixelRepresentation == 0:        format_str = 'uint{}'.format(dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated)    elif dicom_dataset.PixelRepresentation == 1:        format_str = 'int{}'.format(dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated)    else:        format_str = 'bad_pixel_representation'    try:        numpy_dtype = numpy.dtype(format_str)    except TypeError:        msg = ("Data type not understood by NumPy: "               "format='{}', PixelRepresentation={}, "               "BitsAllocated={}".format(                   format_str,                   dicom_dataset.PixelRepresentation,                   dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated))        raise TypeError(msg)    if dicom_dataset.is_little_endian != sys_is_little_endian:        numpy_dtype = numpy_dtype.newbyteorder('S')    pixel_bytearray = dicom_dataset.PixelData    if dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated == 1:        # if single bits are used for binary representation, a uint8 array        # has to be converted to a binary-valued array (that is 8 times bigger)        try:            pixel_array = numpy.unpackbits(                numpy.frombuffer(pixel_bytearray, dtype='uint8'))        except NotImplementedError:            # PyPy2 does not implement numpy.unpackbits            raise NotImplementedError(                'Cannot handle BitsAllocated == 1 on this platform')    else:        pixel_array = numpy.frombuffer(pixel_bytearray, dtype=numpy_dtype)    length_of_pixel_array = pixel_array.nbytes    expected_length = dicom_dataset.Rows * dicom_dataset.Columns    if ('NumberOfFrames' in dicom_dataset and            dicom_dataset.NumberOfFrames > 1):        expected_length *= dicom_dataset.NumberOfFrames    if ('SamplesPerPixel' in dicom_dataset and            dicom_dataset.SamplesPerPixel > 1):        expected_length *= dicom_dataset.SamplesPerPixel    if dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated > 8:        expected_length *= (dicom_dataset.BitsAllocated // 8)    padded_length = expected_length    if expected_length & 1:        padded_length += 1    if length_of_pixel_array != padded_length:        raise AttributeError(            "Amount of pixel data %d does not "            "match the expected data %d" %            (length_of_pixel_array, padded_length))    if expected_length != padded_length:        pixel_array = pixel_array[:expected_length]    if should_change_PhotometricInterpretation_to_RGB(dicom_dataset):        dicom_dataset.PhotometricInterpretation = "RGB"    if dicom_dataset.Modality.lower().find('ct') >= 0:  # CT图像需要得到其CT值图像        pixel_array = pixel_array * dicom_dataset.RescaleSlope + dicom_dataset.RescaleIntercept  # 获得图像的CT值    pixel_array = pixel_array.reshape(dicom_dataset.Rows, dicom_dataset.Columns*dicom_dataset.SamplesPerPixel)    return pixel_array, dicom_dataset.Rows, dicom_dataset.Columns

读取到dicom文件中的数据后,实质上是几个图像矩阵,这个过程同时也处理了“脱敏”问题。

5

设置CT图像的窗宽和窗位

def setDicomWinWidthWinCenter(img_data, winwidth, wincenter, rows, cols):    img_temp = img_data    img_temp.flags.writeable = True    min = (2 * wincenter - winwidth) / 2.0 + 0.5    max = (2 * wincenter + winwidth) / 2.0 + 0.5    dFactor = 255.0 / (max - min)    for i in numpy.arange(rows):        for j in numpy.arange(cols):            img_temp[i, j] = int((img_temp[i, j]-min)*dFactor)    min_index = img_temp < min    img_temp[min_index] = 0    max_index = img_temp > max    img_temp[max_index] = 255    return img_temp

该函数的输入变量winwidth和wincenter即为需要设置的窗宽和窗位,这两个值根据研究的问题(不同的组织器官对应不同的窗宽和窗位,有时候也要根据图像效果进行一定的调整)调整不同的值。网上有很多关于相关的窗位和窗宽对应值,这里给出一些参考资料,如果遇到不确定的,最好借鉴查阅相应领域的论文。

点击链接:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/windowing-ct

6

获取Dicom图像的tag信息

def loadFileInformation(filename):    information = {}    ds = pydicom.read_file(filename)    information['PatientID'] = ds.PatientID    information['PatientName'] = ds.PatientName    information['PatientBirthDate'] = ds.PatientBirthDate    information['PatientSex'] = ds.PatientSex    information['StudyID'] = ds.StudyID    information['StudyDate'] = ds.StudyDate    information['StudyTime'] = ds.StudyTime    information['InstitutionName'] = ds.InstitutionName    information['Manufacturer'] = ds.Manufacturer    print(dir(ds))    print(type(information))    return information

这个步骤视需求而定,如果不需要查看dicom文件的具体tag信息,此步骤可以跳过。

7

结果保存及可视化

可以单张保存,或者批量处理。

读取单张dicom文件

def main_single():    dcm = dicom.read_file('81228816') # load dicom_file    # 得到 CT 值,图像的 长, 宽    pixel_array, dcm.Rows, dcm.Columns = get_pixeldata(dcm)    # 调整窗位、窗宽    img_data = pixel_array    winwidth = 500    wincenter = 50    rows = dcm.Rows    cols = dcm.Columns    dcm_temp = setDicomWinWidthWinCenter(img_data, winwidth, wincenter, rows, cols)    # 可视化    dcm_img = Image.fromarray(dcm_temp)  # 将Numpy转换为PIL.Image    dcm_img = dcm_img.convert('L')    # plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.bone)    # 保存为jpg文件,用作后面的生成label用    dcm_img.save('../output/temp.jpg')    # 显示图像    dcm_img.show()

同时读取一个文件夹中的 dicom 文件,并处理保存 (写成循环即可)

defmain_mulit(path):    names = os.listdir(path)  # 读取文件夹中的所有文件名for i inrange(len(names)):        dicom_name = path+names[i]        dcm = pydicom.read_file(dicom_name)  # 读取 dicom 文件        pixel_array, dcm.Rows, dcm.Columns = get_pixeldata(dcm)  # 得到 dicom文件的 CT 值        img_data = pixel_array        winwidth =500        wincenter =50        rows = dcm.Rows        cols = dcm.Columns        dcm_temp = setDicomWinWidthWinCenter(img_data, winwidth, wincenter, rows, cols) # 调整窗位、窗宽#  可视化        dcm_img = Image.fromarray(dcm_temp)  # 将 Numpy转换为 PIL.Image        dcm_img = dcm_img.convert('L')# 批量保存        dcm_img.save("C:/output/%s_%s.png"% (path1, names[i]))

注意,以上都写成函数的形式,运行时需要调用,并注意文件路径的修改。

单张dicom文件处理

main_single()

批量处理

main_mulit(path)

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000551s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001070s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000293s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000305s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000665s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000234s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000575s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 464725 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.010286s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770525557 WHERE `id` = 464725 [ RunTime:0.002275s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000828s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 464725 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.007816s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 464725 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.013946s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 464725 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.010207s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 464725 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.016652s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 464725 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.033310s ]
0.164611s