跨式策略:同时买入(或卖出)相同行权价和到期日的看涨和看跌期权。
class StraddleStrategy:"""跨式策略"""def __init__(self, initial_capital=100000):self.initial_capital = initial_capitalself.results = []def long_straddle(self, S, K, T, r, sigma, stock_quantity=10000):"""买入跨式:预期大幅波动"""# 计算期权价格call_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')put_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'put')total_premium = call_price + put_price# 初始现金流:买入两个期权initial_cashflow = -total_premium * stock_quantity# 计算损益expiration_prices = np.linspace(S * 0.7, S * 1.3, 100)pnl = []for St in expiration_prices:# 看涨期权损益if St > K:call_pnl = (St - K - call_price) * stock_quantityelse:call_pnl = -call_price * stock_quantity# 看跌期权损益if St < K:put_pnl = (K - St - put_price) * stock_quantityelse:put_pnl = -put_price * stock_quantitytotal_pnl = call_pnl + put_pnlpnl.append(total_pnl)# 盈亏平衡点breakeven_up = K + total_premiumbreakeven_down = K - total_premium# 最大亏损(当价格等于行权价时)max_loss = -total_premium * stock_quantity# 最大盈利(理论上无限)max_profit_up = float('inf') # 价格上涨时max_profit_down = (K - total_premium) * stock_quantity # 价格跌到0时return {'expiration_prices': expiration_prices,'pnl': pnl,'breakeven_up': breakeven_up,'breakeven_down': breakeven_down,'max_loss': max_loss,'max_profit_up': max_profit_up,'max_profit_down': max_profit_down,'total_premium': total_premium,'initial_cashflow': initial_cashflow}def short_straddle(self, S, K, T, r, sigma, stock_quantity=10000):"""卖出跨式:预期小幅波动"""# 计算期权价格call_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')put_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'put')total_premium = call_price + put_price# 初始现金流:卖出两个期权initial_cashflow = total_premium * stock_quantity# 计算损益expiration_prices = np.linspace(S * 0.7, S * 1.3, 100)pnl = []for St in expiration_prices:# 看涨期权损益if St > K:call_pnl = (call_price - (St - K)) * stock_quantityelse:call_pnl = call_price * stock_quantity# 看跌期权损益if St < K:put_pnl = (put_price - (K - St)) * stock_quantityelse:put_pnl = put_price * stock_quantitytotal_pnl = call_pnl + put_pnlpnl.append(total_pnl)# 盈亏平衡点breakeven_up = K + total_premiumbreakeven_down = K - total_premium# 最大盈利(当价格等于行权价时)max_profit = total_premium * stock_quantity# 最大亏损(理论上无限)max_loss_up = float('inf') # 价格上涨时max_loss_down = (total_premium - K) * stock_quantity # 价格跌到0时return {'expiration_prices': expiration_prices,'pnl': pnl,'breakeven_up': breakeven_up,'breakeven_down': breakeven_down,'max_profit': max_profit,'max_loss_up': max_loss_up,'max_loss_down': max_loss_down,'total_premium': total_premium,'initial_cashflow': initial_cashflow}# 测试跨式策略S = 2.5K = 2.5 # 平值期权T = 30/365r = 0.02sigma = 0.2straddle = StraddleStrategy()# 买入跨式long_straddle_result = straddle.long_straddle(S, K, T, r, sigma)# 卖出跨式short_straddle_result = straddle.short_straddle(S, K, T, r, sigma)print(f"\n跨式策略分析:")print(f"股票价格: {S:.2f}")print(f"行权价: {K:.2f}")print(f"期权总权利金: {long_straddle_result['total_premium']:.4f}")print(f"\n买入跨式:")print(f"上盈亏平衡点: {long_straddle_result['breakeven_up']:.4f}")print(f"下盈亏平衡点: {long_straddle_result['breakeven_down']:.4f}")print(f"最大亏损: {long_straddle_result['max_loss']:.2f}")print(f"\n卖出跨式:")print(f"上盈亏平衡点: {short_straddle_result['breakeven_up']:.4f}")print(f"下盈亏平衡点: {short_straddle_result['breakeven_down']:.4f}")print(f"最大盈利: {short_straddle_result['max_profit']:.2f}")# 可视化跨式策略fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(15, 6))# 买入跨式ax1.plot(long_straddle_result['expiration_prices'], long_straddle_result['pnl'],linewidth=2, label='买入跨式', color='green')ax1.axhline(y=0, color='black', linestyle='-', alpha=0.3)ax1.axvline(x=long_straddle_result['breakeven_up'], color='red', linestyle='--',alpha=0.5, label=f'上盈亏点: {long_straddle_result["breakeven_up"]:.2f}')ax1.axvline(x=long_straddle_result['breakeven_down'], color='red', linestyle='--',alpha=0.5, label=f'下盈亏点: {long_straddle_result["breakeven_down"]:.2f}')ax1.axvline(x=S, color='blue', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5, label=f'当前价格: {S:.2f}')ax1.set_xlabel('到期时股票价格')ax1.set_ylabel('损益')ax1.set_title('买入跨式策略损益图', fontsize=14)ax1.legend()ax1.grid(True, alpha=0.3)# 卖出跨式ax2.plot(short_straddle_result['expiration_prices'], short_straddle_result['pnl'],linewidth=2, label='卖出跨式', color='red')ax2.axhline(y=0, color='black', linestyle='-', alpha=0.3)ax2.axvline(x=short_straddle_result['breakeven_up'], color='green', linestyle='--',alpha=0.5, label=f'上盈亏点: {short_straddle_result["breakeven_up"]:.2f}')ax2.axvline(x=short_straddle_result['breakeven_down'], color='green', linestyle='--',alpha=0.5, label=f'下盈亏点: {short_straddle_result["breakeven_down"]:.2f}')ax2.axvline(x=S, color='blue', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5, label=f'当前价格: {S:.2f}')ax2.set_xlabel('到期时股票价格')ax2.set_ylabel('损益')ax2.set_title('卖出跨式策略损益图', fontsize=14)ax2.legend()ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3)plt.tight_layout()plt.show()
Delta中性策略旨在消除方向性风险,专注于交易波动率。
class DeltaNeutralStrategy:"""Delta中性策略通过期权和标的资产的组合,使总体Delta接近0"""def __init__(self, initial_capital=100000):self.initial_capital = initial_capitalself.results = []def create_delta_neutral_portfolio(self, S, K, T, r, sigma, option_type='straddle'):"""创建Delta中性组合"""if option_type == 'straddle':# 使用跨式组合call_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')put_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'put')# 计算希腊字母call_greeks = calculate_greeks(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')put_greeks = calculate_greeks(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'put')# 跨式组合的Deltaportfolio_delta = call_greeks['Delta'] + put_greeks['Delta']# 需要多少标的资产来对冲Delta# 目标Delta = 0,所以需要对冲掉portfolio_deltahedge_quantity = -portfolio_delta # 负号表示反向操作return {'call_price': call_price,'put_price': put_price,'call_delta': call_greeks['Delta'],'put_delta': put_greeks['Delta'],'portfolio_delta': portfolio_delta,'hedge_quantity': hedge_quantity,'gamma': call_greeks['Gamma'] + put_greeks['Gamma'],'vega': call_greeks['Vega'] + put_greeks['Vega'],'theta': call_greeks['Theta'] + put_greeks['Theta']}elif option_type == 'call':# 使用看涨期权call_price = calculate_bs_price(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')call_greeks = calculate_greeks(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'call')# 对冲Deltahedge_quantity = -call_greeks['Delta']return {'call_price': call_price,'call_delta': call_greeks['Delta'],'portfolio_delta': call_greeks['Delta'],'hedge_quantity': hedge_quantity,'gamma': call_greeks['Gamma'],'vega': call_greeks['Vega'],'theta': call_greeks['Theta']}else:raise ValueError("option_type必须是'straddle'或'call'")def gamma_scalping(self, S, K, T, r, sigma, initial_capital=100000, days_to_expire=30):"""Gamma Scalping策略:通过频繁调整Delta中性来从Gamma中获利"""# 初始参数daily_returns = []portfolio_values = [initial_capital]delta_history = []gamma_history = []# 模拟每天的价格变化np.random.seed(42)daily_changes = np.random.randn(days_to_expire) * sigma / np.sqrt(252)prices = [S]for i in range(days_to_expire):# 计算新的价格new_price = prices[-1] * (1 + daily_changes[i])prices.append(new_price)# 重新计算希腊字母T_remaining = (days_to_expire - i) / 365# 计算组合希腊字母portfolio_stats = self.create_delta_neutral_portfolio(new_price, K, T_remaining, r, sigma, 'straddle')# 记录delta_history.append(portfolio_stats['portfolio_delta'])gamma_history.append(portfolio_stats['gamma'])# 模拟损益(简化)# Gamma Scalping的收益来自价格变动和Gamma的关系# 损益 ≈ 0.5 * Gamma * (价格变动)^2price_change = daily_changes[i] * new_pricegamma_pnl = 0.5 * portfolio_stats['gamma'] * (price_change**2)# Theta损失(时间价值衰减)theta_loss = portfolio_stats['theta'] / 365# 每日净损益daily_pnl = gamma_pnl + theta_lossdaily_returns.append(daily_pnl)# 更新组合价值new_value = portfolio_values[-1] + daily_pnlportfolio_values.append(new_value)return {'prices': prices,'portfolio_values': portfolio_values,'daily_returns': daily_returns,'delta_history': delta_history,'gamma_history': gamma_history,'total_return': (portfolio_values[-1] - initial_capital) / initial_capital}# 测试Delta中性策略S = 2.5K = 2.5T = 30/365r = 0.02sigma = 0.2delta_neutral = DeltaNeutralStrategy()# 创建Delta中性组合portfolio_stats = delta_neutral.create_delta_neutral_portfolio(S, K, T, r, sigma, 'straddle')print(f"\nDelta中性组合分析:")print(f"看涨期权价格: {portfolio_stats['call_price']:.4f}")print(f"看跌期权价格: {portfolio_stats['put_price']:.4f}")print(f"看涨Delta: {portfolio_stats['call_delta']:.4f}")print(f"看跌Delta: {portfolio_stats['put_delta']:.4f}")print(f"组合Delta: {portfolio_stats['portfolio_delta']:.4f}")print(f"对冲所需标的资产数量: {portfolio_stats['hedge_quantity']:.4f}")print(f"组合Gamma: {portfolio_stats['gamma']:.6f}")print(f"组合Vega: {portfolio_stats['vega']:.6f}")print(f"组合Theta: {portfolio_stats['theta']:.6f}")# Gamma Scalping回测gamma_scalping_result = delta_neutral.gamma_scalping(S, K, T, r, sigma, 100000, 30)print(f"\nGamma Scalping策略回测:")print(f"初始资金: 100,000")print(f"最终资金: {gamma_scalping_result['portfolio_values'][-1]:.2f}")print(f"总收益率: {gamma_scalping_result['total_return']:.2%}")print(f"日均收益率: {np.mean(gamma_scalping_result['daily_returns']):.2f}")print(f"收益波动率: {np.std(gamma_scalping_result['daily_returns']):.2f}")# 可视化Gamma Scalping结果fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(14, 10))# 价格走势axes[0, 0].plot(gamma_scalping_result['prices'], linewidth=2)axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('交易日')axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('标的价格')axes[0, 0].set_title('标的价格走势', fontsize=12)axes[0, 0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)# 组合价值axes[0, 1].plot(gamma_scalping_result['portfolio_values'], linewidth=2, color='green')axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('交易日')axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('组合价值')axes[0, 1].set_title('Gamma Scalping组合价值', fontsize=12)axes[0, 1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)# Delta变化axes[1, 0].plot(gamma_scalping_result['delta_history'], linewidth=2, color='red')axes[1, 0].axhline(y=0, color='black', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5)axes[1, 0].set_xlabel('交易日')axes[1, 0].set_ylabel('组合Delta')axes[1, 0].set_title('组合Delta变化', fontsize=12)axes[1, 0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)# Gamma变化axes[1, 1].plot(gamma_scalping_result['gamma_history'], linewidth=2, color='purple')axes[1, 1].set_xlabel('交易日')axes[1, 1].set_ylabel('组合Gamma')axes[1, 1].set_title('组合Gamma变化', fontsize=12)axes[1, 1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)plt.tight_layout()plt.show()