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Linux系统之重定向输入/输出

  • 2026-02-02 03:00:36
Linux系统之重定向输入/输出
通常在Linux系统中输入命令并执行后，执行结果会输出到屏幕上，但有时候需要将其输出到其他位置，比如某个文件，因此bash shell中提供了将命令的输出重定向到其他位置的方法，且重定向不仅可用于重定向输出，也可用于重定向输入。
01
重定向输出
基础用法：将命令执行输出发送到特定文件
command >  output_file
使用上述输出重定向后，命令结果将不再显示到屏幕上而是指定的文件中，如下所示：
其中重定向符号>会创建output.txt文件（权限为系统默认权限，由umask值决定），然后将命令执行结果输出到该文件中，若该文件有内容，则会覆盖原内容，若不覆盖原有内容，将输出结果直接追加到原内容之后，则采用追加符号>>，如下所示：
02
重定向输入
重定向输入将文件中与重定向输出相反，重定向输入将文件中的内容传递给命令，命令接收该输入内容。
使用方法一：基础输入重定向
command  <  inputfile
以上示例中，wc通过接收output.txt文件输入数据，统计出文本的行数2、文本的单词数12、文本的字节数86。
使用方法二：内联输入重定向
无须指定输入文件，只需在命令行中指定用于输入重定向的数据，采用<<符号、文本标记来实现输入重定向。
command  <<  maker> data> maker
以上使用语法中，maker是一对标记，用于指定数据输入的起始，可使用任何字符串，且起始标记必须一致；data为数据部分。
常用示例如下：
提示符按回车会持续显示，以获得更多输入数据，直到输入结束标记符，wc命令接收到输入的数据后，统计出行数、单词数及字节数。
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  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/runtime/temp/067d451b9a0c665040f3f1bdd3293d68.php ( 11.98 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/f.mffb.com.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000573s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=f_mffb;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000767s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000272s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000516s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000546s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 467508 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001061s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1770484779 WHERE `id` = 467508 [ RunTime:0.000817s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 67 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000218s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 467508 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001096s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 467508 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.010725s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 467508 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.007567s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 467508 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.012765s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 467508 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.004360s ]
0.108550s