import difflibtext1 = "Python is great for data analysis."text2 = "Python is great for web development and data analysis."# 创建 SequenceMatcher 对象matcher = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, text1, text2)# 计算相似度比率 (0.0 到 1.0)ratio = matcher.ratio()print(f"相似度比率: {ratio:.2f}")  # 输出: 相似度比率: 0.78# 获取匹配块# 每个块是一个三元组 (i, j, n)，表示 text1[i:i+n] == text2[j:j+n]matching_blocks = matcher.get_matching_blocks()print("匹配块:")for block in matching_blocks:    i, j, n = block    if n:  # 忽略长度为 0 的块        print(f"  text1[{i}:{i+n}] == text2[{j}:{j+n}] -> '{text1[i:i+n]}'")

C:\Users\徐鹏\Desktop\55\.venv\Scripts\python.exe C:\Users\徐鹏\Desktop\55\main.py 相似度比率: 0.77匹配块:  text1[0:20] == text2[0:20] -> 'Python is great for '  text1[20:34] == text2[40:54] -> 'data analysis.'进程已结束，退出代码为 0

a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]b = ["apple", "blueberry", "cherry", "elderberry"]matcher = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, a, b)opcodes = matcher.get_opcodes()print("操作码 (tag, i1, i2, j1, j2):")for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in opcodes:    print(f"  {tag:7} a[{i1}:{i2}] -> b[{j1}:{j2}]", end=" ")    if tag == 'equal':        print(f" (内容相同: {a[i1:i2]})")    elif tag == 'replace':        print(f" (将 {a[i1:i2]} 替换为 {b[j1:j2]})")    elif tag == 'delete':        print(f" (删除 {a[i1:i2]})")    elif tag == 'insert':        print(f" (插入 {b[j1:j2]})")

操作码 (tag, i1, i2, j1, j2):  equal   a[0:1] -> b[0:1]  (内容相同: ['apple'])  replace a[1:2] -> b[1:2]  (将 ['banana'] 替换为 ['blueberry'])  equal   a[2:3] -> b[2:3]  (内容相同: ['cherry'])  replace a[3:4] -> b[3:4]  (将 ['date'] 替换为 ['elderberry'])

from difflib import Differtext1_lines = [    "def hello_world():",    "    print('Hello, World!')",    "    return True"]text2_lines = [    "def hello_world():",    "    print('Hello, Python!')",    "    x = 1 + 2",    "    return True"]d = Differ()diff = list(d.compare(text1_lines, text2_lines))print("Differ 比较结果:")for line in diff:    # 根据前缀添加颜色或样式（此处用符号表示）    if line.startswith('-'):        print(f"\033[91m{line}\033[0m")  # 红色表示删除    elif line.startswith('+'):        print(f"\033[92m{line}\033[0m")  # 绿色表示新增    elif line.startswith('?'):        print(f"\033[93m{line}\033[0m")  # 黄色表示行内变化提示    else:        print(line)

from difflib import unified_diffimport sys# 假设我们有两个版本的代码片段original = """def calculate_sum(a, b):    result = a + b    print(f"The sum is {result}")    return result"""modified = """def calculate_sum(a, b):    # 计算两数之和    total = a + b    print(f"The sum is {total}")    return total"""diff_lines = unified_diff(    original.splitlines(keepends=True),    modified.splitlines(keepends=True),    fromfile='original.py',    tofile='modified.py',    lineterm='\n'  # 确保行尾是换行符)print("Unified Diff 格式:")sys.stdout.writelines(diff_lines)

--- original.py+++ modified.py@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ def calculate_sum(a, b):-    result = a + b+    # 计算两数之和+    total = a + b-    print(f"The sum is {result}")+    print(f"The sum is {total}")-    return result+    return total

from difflib import context_diffdiff = context_diff(    a=original.splitlines(keepends=True),    b=modified.splitlines(keepends=True),    fromfile='old_version',    tofile='new_version',)print("Context Diff 格式 (前几行):")for i, line in enumerate(diff):    if i > 15:  # 只打印一部分        break    print(line, end='')

from difflib import HtmlDiffhtml_diff = HtmlDiff(wrapcolumn=60)  # wrapcolumn 可控制换行宽度# 生成 HTML 表格html_table = html_diff.make_table(    fromlines=original.splitlines(),    tolines=modified.splitlines(),    fromdesc='原始版本',    todesc='修改版本',    context=True,  # 显示上下文    numlines=3     # 上下文的行数)# 生成完整 HTML 页面full_html = html_diff.make_file(    fromlines=original.splitlines(),    tolines=modified.splitlines(),    fromdesc='Original',    todesc='Modified')# 将 HTML 保存到文件，方便查看with open('diff_report.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:    f.write(full_html)print("HTML 差异报告已生成到 'diff_report.html'，请在浏览器中打开查看。")

from difflib import get_close_matchescandidates = ['apple', 'application', 'apply', 'appliance', 'banana', 'cherry']word = 'appel'# 找出前3个最相似的词matches = get_close_matches(word, candidates, n=3, cutoff=0.6)print(f"与 '{word}' 最相似的词: {matches}")# 输出: 与 'appel' 最相似的词: ['apple', 'apply', 'application']# 应用场景：命令行工具的命令纠错available_commands = ['start', 'stop', 'status', 'restart', 'config']user_input = 'statu'suggestion = get_close_matches(user_input, available_commands, n=1, cutoff=0.5)if suggestion:    print(f"您想输入的是 '{suggestion[0]}' 吗？")

与 'appel' 最相似的词: ['apply', 'apple']您想输入的是 'status' 吗？

import difflibimport stringdef ignore_punctuation_and_space(s):    """移除标点和空格"""    return s.translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation + ' '))text1 = "Hello, world!"text2 = "Hello world"matcher = difflib.SequenceMatcher(    lambda x: x in " ,!",  # isjunk 函数：认为空格、逗号、叹号是“垃圾”    text1,    text2)print(f"忽略部分字符后的相似度: {matcher.ratio():.2f}")  # 可能更高# 另一种方式：预处理文本clean1 = ignore_punctuation_and_space(text1)clean2 = ignore_punctuation_and_space(text2)matcher2 = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, clean1, clean2)print(f"完全清理后的相似度: {matcher2.ratio():.2f}")

忽略部分字符后的相似度: 0.92完全清理后的相似度: 1.00

#!/usr/bin/env python3"""file_diff_tool.py - 一个简单的文件差异比较工具用法: python file_diff_tool.py <file1> <file2> [--format {unified,context,html}]"""import difflibimport argparseimport sysdef compare_files(file1_path, file2_path, diff_format='unified'):    """比较两个文件并输出差异"""    try:        with open(file1_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f1, \             open(file2_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f2:            lines1 = f1.readlines()            lines2 = f2.readlines()    except FileNotFoundError as e:        print(f"错误: 文件未找到 - {e}", file=sys.stderr)        return False    except UnicodeDecodeError:        print("错误: 文件编码可能不是 UTF-8，请尝试其他编码。", file=sys.stderr)        return False    if diff_format == 'unified':        diff_lines = difflib.unified_diff(            lines1, lines2,            fromfile=file1_path,            tofile=file2_path,            lineterm='\n'        )        sys.stdout.writelines(diff_lines)    elif diff_format == 'context':        diff_lines = difflib.context_diff(            lines1, lines2,            fromfile=file1_path,            tofile=file2_path,            lineterm='\n'        )        sys.stdout.writelines(diff_lines)    elif diff_format == 'html':        html_diff = difflib.HtmlDiff()        html_content = html_diff.make_file(            lines1, lines2,            fromdesc=file1_path,            todesc=file2_path,            context=True        )        output_file = f"diff_{file1_path}_{file2_path}.html"        with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:            f.write(html_content)        print(f"HTML 差异报告已生成: {output_file}")    else:        print(f"不支持的格式: {diff_format}", file=sys.stderr)        return False    return Truedef main():    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='比较两个文本文件的差异')    parser.add_argument('file1', help='第一个文件路径')    parser.add_argument('file2', help='第二个文件路径')    parser.add_argument('--format', choices=['unified', 'context', 'html'],                        default='unified', help='差异输出格式 (默认: unified)')    args = parser.parse_args()    success = compare_files(args.file1, args.file2, args.format)    sys.exit(0 if success else 1)if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

# 生成 Unified Diffpython file_diff_tool.py old_code.py new_code.py# 生成 Context Diffpython file_diff_tool.py old_code.py new_code.py --format context# 生成 HTML 报告python file_diff_tool.py old_code.py new_code.py --format html

import difflib# 两段STM32链接脚本文本（和Rust示例一致）old_text = """STM32 linker script stack config.stack ALIGN(4) :{    _estack = .;    . += STACK_SIZE;} > RAMSupport float only"""new_text = """STM32 linker script stack config.stack ALIGN(8) :{    _estack = .;    . += STACK_SIZE;} > RAMSupport float & double with 8-byte align"""# 按行切分成列表old_lines = old_text.splitlines()new_lines = new_text.splitlines()print("=" * 60)print("1. 简易行对比（ndiff，带 +/- 标记）")print("=" * 60)diff_ndiff = difflib.ndiff(old_lines, new_lines)for line in diff_ndiff:    # 标记说明：- 删除行、+新增行、 不变行、?字符改动提示    if line.startswith("-"):        print(f"\033[31m{line}\033[0m")  # 红色删除    elif line.startswith("+"):        print(f"\033[32m{line}\033[0m")  # 绿色新增    else:        print(line)print("\n" + "=" * 60)print("2. Git风格 unified 补丁格式（可保存为.patch文件）")print("=" * 60)# context=2 上下文显示2行unified_diff = difflib.unified_diff(old_lines, new_lines, fromfile="original.ld", tofile="modified.ld", n=2)patch_content = "\n".join(unified_diff)print(patch_content)# 保存补丁到文件with open("stack_align.patch", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:    f.write(patch_content)print("\n补丁已保存至 stack_align.patch")print("\n" + "=" * 60)print("3. 单行内字符级精细对比（SequenceMatcher）")print("=" * 60)# 对比改动行：ALIGN(4) → ALIGN(8)old_line = ".stack ALIGN(4) :"new_line = ".stack ALIGN(8) :"sm = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, old_line, new_line)output = []for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in sm.get_opcodes():    if tag == "equal":        output.append(old_line[i1:i2])    elif tag == "delete":        output.append(f"\033[31;9m{old_line[i1:i2]}\033[0m")    elif tag == "insert":        output.append(f"\033[32;1m{new_line[j1:j2]}\033[0m")    elif tag == "replace":        output.append(f"\033[31;9m{old_line[i1:i2]}\033[0m")        output.append(f"\033[32;1m{new_line[j1:j2]}\033[0m")print("原行对比高亮：", "".join(output))print("\n" + "=" * 60)print("4. 生成HTML可视化对比页面")print("=" * 60)html_diff = difflib.HtmlDiff(wrapcolumn=80)html_page = html_diff.make_file(old_lines, new_lines, fromdesc="原始ld脚本", todesc="修改后ld脚本")with open("diff_view.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:    f.write(html_page)print("可视化对比页面已保存 diff_view.html，浏览器打开即可查看")

============================================================1. 简易行对比（ndiff，带 +/- 标记）============================================================  STM32 linker script stack config- .stack ALIGN(4) :?              ^+ .stack ALIGN(8) :?              ^  {      _estack = .;      . += STACK_SIZE;  } > RAM- Support float only+ Support float & double with 8-byte align============================================================2. Git风格 unified 补丁格式（可保存为.patch文件）============================================================--- original.ld+++ modified.ld@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ STM32 linker script stack config-.stack ALIGN(4) :+.stack ALIGN(8) : {     _estack = .;     . += STACK_SIZE; } > RAM-Support float only+Support float & double with 8-byte align补丁已保存至 stack_align.patch============================================================3. 单行内字符级精细对比（SequenceMatcher）============================================================原行对比高亮： .stack ALIGN(48) :============================================================4. 生成HTML可视化对比页面============================================================可视化对比页面已保存 diff_view.html，浏览器打开即可查看进程已结束，退出代码为 0